Method and device for separating lead-antimony alloys by supergravity

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for separating lead-antimony alloys by supergravity and belongs to the field of nonferrous metallurgy. A large amount of lead-antimony alloys can be produced in the antimony metallurgy or lead metallurgy process, the alloys are continuously input into a rotary supergravity separation reaction cavity through a feeding system, then a rotary supergravityreactor is started, and a stable and adjustable supergravity field is generated by driving a reactor on a rolling shaft by an adjustable-speed motor to rotate. Under the combined action of the supergravity field and a temperature field, the atomic diffusion and mass transfer process of the lead-antimony alloys is greatly accelerated, and continuous separation between a lead-rich liquid and an antimony-rich melt is realized. By adopting the method and the device, rapid separation of the lead-rich liquid and the antimony-rich melt in the lead-antimony alloys can be realized under the supergravity condition, the metal recovery rate is remarkably increased, a lead-rich liquid with the Pb content being larger than 85 percent and an antimony-rich phase with the Sb content being 87-91 percent areobtained, and the total recovery rate of Pb element reaches 90 percent or above. The method and the device have the advantages of simpleness in operation, no production of smoke and smelting slag, continuous production and low cost, are also suitable for separating the alloys in other nonferrous smelting processes and improve the production benefit.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the separation of alloys in the field of nonferrous metal metallurgy, in particular to a method and device for separating lead-antimony alloys under supergravity conditions. Background technique [0002] Antimony metallurgy or lead metallurgy will produce lead-antimony alloys. Among them, a large amount of lead-antimony alloys produced by brittle lead and antimony in the process of extracting metal lead and antimony are the main sources. Brittle lead-antimony ores are very rich in my country, accounting for It accounts for 30-40% of the total amount of antimony ore resources. The separation of lead and antimony in this mineral is very difficult. Because the lead-antimony binary system is a negative deviation system with similar physical and chemical properties, it behaves similarly in the metallurgical process, and no breakthrough has been made so far. Progress. [0003] In my country, the only pyromelting process that has been ...

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Problems solved by technology

However, this pyrotechnic process has the following disadvantages: (1) The blowing cycle is long, the blowing temperature needs to be controlled at 850°C to 1000°C, and the energy consumption is high; (2) Both the blowing process and the reduction smelting process of antimony oxide powder produce a large amount of The slag phase needs to be comprehensively recovered and treated; (3) the dust rate in the blowing process reaches 20% to 35%, and reverberatory furnace treatment is required; (4) the bottom lead is of low grade, with a lead content of about 75% to 80%, which reduces the The current efficiency of electrolytic refining, which affects the quality and yield of bottom lead

Studies have shown that as the temperature increases, lead stays in the 1st to 3rd grades in the liquid phase, and the lead content in the liquid phase is about 50% to 60%, while a large amount of antimony volatilizes into the gas phase, but as the temperature rises further, Part of the lead also begins to volatilize, which affects the separation effect of the lead-antimony alloy. The optimal distillation temperature is 1023K, the distillation time is 45min, and the direct recovery rates of antimony and lead are respectively 89.94% and 57.10%. However, this method requires high equipment. Continuous multi-stage vacuum distillation is required, and the production cost is relatively high. The above shortcomings have caused this method to fail to be put into industrial production

[0005] In addition, researchers at home and abroad also use other methods to process lead-antimony alloys, such as crystallization separation, two-step smelting, molten salt electrolysis, etc., but the above methods have high production costs, low metal recovery, long process, Problems such as "three wastes" in the production process have not been widely promoted and applied

[0006] There are not many reports on the separation of lead-antimony alloys, and none of them have achieved the desired effect. In view of the current status of the separation process of lead-antimony alloys, it is necessary to further study lead-antimony alloys to find a more economical and environmentally friendly method. Meet the requirements of sustainable development

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