Method for comprehensive harmless recovery and utilization of waste lithium ion power battery

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for comprehensive harmless recovery and utilization of a waste lithium ion power battery. The method comprises the following steps: disassembling a waste battery pack, and measuring and collecting good battery cells to re-combine the good batteries for gradient utilization; sufficiently discharging defective waste lithium ion power battery cells, and disassembling the power battery cells in an oxygen-isolated environment; performing heat treatment on a fetched core pack in a heating furnace, and collecting a distilled solvent by means of condensation; disassembling the core pack from which the solvent is distilled off to obtain a membrane material, a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate; placing the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate in a rotary kiln of 200-600 DEG C to be subjected to heat treatment; sorting electrode plates, which have been subjected to the heat treatment, by using a pulverizer and a powder sorter separately, so as to obtain an aluminum powder, a copper powder, a waste positive electrode powder and a waste negative electrode powder; and repairing the positive electrode powder and the negative electrode powder separately. According to the method provided by the present invention, a fully-dry closed-circuit recovery process is adopted, thereby achieving the harmless recovery and utilization of the waste lithium ion power battery.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of recovery of lithium-ion power batteries, in particular to gradient utilization and harmless comprehensive recovery treatment of waste lithium-ion power batteries. Background technique [0002] With the increasingly prominent energy issues and the increasing attention to environmental issues, the electric vehicle industry has adapted to the historical development trend and expanded rapidly by leaps and bounds. Lithium-ion batteries have received widespread attention because of their high energy density, good safety performance, and no memory effect. Among them, lithium-ion batteries that use lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material have a stable discharge platform and high safety performance. In the field of power batteries, it is increasing day by day. Electric vehicles are a major direction for the future development of China's automobiles. According to the "Twelfth Five-Year Special Pl...

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Problems solved by technology

[0004] Patent CN101847763A (a comprehensive recovery method for waste lithium ferrous phosphate battery), patent CN102738539A (method and device for recycling lithium iron phosphate material from the positive plate of waste lithium iron phosphate battery), patent CN102208706A (a waste ferrous phosphate battery Recycling and repairing treatment method of lithium battery positive electrode material), patent CN102208707A (a method for repairing and repairing waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material), patent CN102403554A (recycling method for waste lithium iron Recycling method of lithium ferrous phosphate battery), patent CN102751548A (a method of recycling and preparing lithium ferrous phosphate from waste lithium iron phosphate battery), patent CN103449395A (a recovery and repair of positive electrode Material method), etc. are mainly to peel off the positive electrode material through a wet process, and then use the peeled positive electrode material as a raw material, add Fe source, P source or Li source according to the ratio, mix evenly in a certain way, and then sinter at high temperature to synthesize phosphorous acid Lithium iron, these methods all have a wet stripping process, there is a consumption of various reagents or solvents, and the electrolyte and electrolyte in the power battery will enter the solution and be difficult to recover, which may cause water pollution

[0005] Patent CN102017276A (recycling method of waste lithium ferrous phosphate power battery) directly utilizes the positive plate in the waste battery and remakes the battery. The pass rate of the battery is low, resulting in a huge waste of resources; patent CN102956936A (a method for treating waste automobile power lithium battery lithium iron phosphate cathode material) leaching the cathode material through a hydrometallurgical process, and finally get iron phosphate, hydroxide Precipitation of iron and aluminum hydroxide, the process of this method is complicated, the consumption of acid and alkali is large, the pollution is large, the cost is high, and the added value of the final product is low. From the perspective of cost, this method is not feasible; patent CN103825064A (a waste Demonstration process method of environmental protection recycling of power lithium ferrous phosphate battery) Inject the replacement liquid into the battery and then extract the replacement liquid for distillation treatment, so as to extract the electrolyte inside the battery harmlessly. This method is theoretically feasible, but in actual operation , the internal space of the battery is very small, and it is difficult to completely immerse the small amount of solvent injected into the core package, and the extraction of the solvent is also a difficult problem

[0006] Aiming at problems such as incomplete resource utilization, heavy pollution in the treatment process, long process, and unrecyclable electrolyte in the existing methods of recycling waste lithium-ion power batteries, the present invention proposes a harmless and comprehensive recycling method for waste lithium-ion power batteries. Solve problems such as the utilization of valuable monomers, the avoidance of secondary pollution, and the recovery of electrolytes in the recycling process of waste lithium-ion power batteries, so that the entire comprehensive recycling process can obtain good economic and social benefits

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