Acrylamide copolymer, preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an acrylamide copolymer, a preparation method and an application. The acrylamide copolymer contains a constitutional unit A, a structural unit B, a structural unit C and a structural unit D, wherein, the structural unit A is the structural unit shown in a formula (1), the structural unit B is the structural unit shown in a formula (2), structural unit C is the structural unit shown in a formula (3), and structural unit D is the structural unit shown in a formula (4), and the viscosity average molecular weight of the acrylamide copolymer is 5-15 million. The provided acrylamide copolymer has the advantages of high drag reduction efficiency, high salt tolerance, good high shear-resistance performance, good water solubility, good compatibleness with a clay stabilizing agent and low damage to stratum.

Description

Technical field [0001] The invention relates to two preparation methods of an acrylamide copolymer and an acrylamide copolymer, and the application of the acrylamide copolymer in a drag reducer. Background technique [0002] As a typical representative of the utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources-the exploitation of shale gas (oil) resources has become a revolution in the field of unconventional oil and gas resources in the world. At present, the development and utilization of shale gas has become the focus of attention and development of all countries in the world. Key technology. Because extremely tight oil and gas reservoirs such as shale gas reservoirs have the characteristics of extremely low permeability (generally less than 0.5mD), high fracturing pressure, and easy formation damage. Must adopt the "drag reduction water (slip water) fracturing" technology for mining. [0003] "Drag reduction water (slip water) fracturing" is a type of hydraulic fracturing. C...

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Problems solved by technology

[0005] At present, the use of guar gum, cellulose and their derivatives as drag reducing agents in drag reducing water fracturing has improved the pumping capacity and reduced the frictional resistance in pipelines to a certain extent (US5697444, US5271466), but still cannot meet the The requirements for drag-reducing water fracturing are mainly due to the following shortcomings of the above-mentioned biopolymers: (1) limited drag-reducing performance; (2) due to the small amount of insoluble matter in guar gum, cellulose and their derivatives, it is easy to cause damage to the formation; (3) The dissolution time is longer

[0006] In the construction of drag reducing water fracturing, acrylamide polymers (partially hydrolyzed acrylamide or anionic acrylamide copolymer) are often used as drag reducing agents in drag reducing water fracturing, which greatly improves pump injection and drainage. However, when used as a drag reducing agent for shale gas reservoir drag reducing water fracturing, there are the following important defects: (1) In order to reduce the "water-sensitive effect" in the fracturing process, suppress shale gas For the hydration expansion of clay components in rocks, small molecule cationic clay stabilizers (such as potassium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, etc.) must be added to the fracturing fluid

Partially hydrolyzed acrylamide or anionic acrylamide copolymers and their emulsion products have poor compatibility with the above clay stabilizers and are prone to precipitation; (2) Partially hydrolyzed acrylamide or anionic acrylamide copolymers are used as shale gas reservoirs The drag reducing agent used in drag reducing water fracturing has poor anti-filtration performance, and this kind of drag reducing water fracturing fluid is very easy to filter out into the formation; (3) The temperature resistance and salt resistance are poor, especially in high salinity Under the condition of high divalent ion content, the molecular structure is unstable, and the resistance reduction effect decreases rapidly

[0007] Patent US20090298721A1 discloses a formula of drag reducing water fracturing fluid: add 0.5 gallons of acrylamide-co-acrylic acid copolymer (FR-56 TM ) and other anionic acrylamide copolymer emulsions as drag reducing agents, and then adding 0.15wt% sodium carbonate or EDTA-2Na and other complexing agents, the drag reducing water fracturing fluid has excellent drag reducing performance, and the average indoor drag reducing rate reaches 65.0%, the salt resistance (especially the tolerance to divalent calcium ions) has been improved to a certain extent, but this kind of drag-reducing water fracturing system is used as a shale gas drag-reducing water fracturing fluid, and there are the following problems : (1) poor compatibility with clay stabilizers (such as potassium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride, etc.) The fracturing fluid is easily leaked into the formation; (3) the "water-sensitive effect" is significant in actual construction; (4) "water plugging" is easily generated; (5) the high-speed shear resistance is poor, and the high-speed shear It is unstable under the action, and the resistance reduction rate drops rapidly; (6) The temperature resistance and salt resistance are poor, especially under the conditions of high salinity and high divalent ion content, the molecular structure is unstable, and the resistance reduction effect decreases rapidly; (7) ) is not easy to degrade, and it is easy to cause permanent damage to the extremely tight shale formation, pollute the formation, and then affect oil and gas production

[0008] Compared with the above-mentioned partially hydrolyzed acrylamide or anionic acrylamide copolymers, cationic high molecular weight acrylamide copolymers have also been reported as drag reducers (US356226, US3868328). ) has good compatibility and good compatibility with alcohol, the "water-sensitive effect" is not significant, and it is not easy to "water blockage". harm

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