The invention relates to a spirally-guided detachable spool fastening a cone sleeve. The detachable spool comprises an upper spoke, a lower spoke, a movable supporting assembly, a trapezoidal screw rod, a trapezoidal nut, a positioning-guiding pin, an outer cone sleeve, a fastening screw, an end cover, a bearing A, a guiding-positioning rod, a guiding hole and a bearing B, wherein the fastening screw and the guiding-positioning rod are arranged on the upper spoke; the end cover, the bearing A, the trapezoidal nut, the outer cone sleeve and the bearing B are sequentially arranged in the movable supporting assembly, and the positioning-guiding pin is arranged below the fastening screw; the guiding-positioning rod is matched with a guide hole, and the trapezoidal screw rod is arranged on the lower spoke. The detachable spool has the beneficial effects that as the threads are subjected to action of an axial outer expansive force after being assembled, the trapezoidal threads are utilized to guarantee the structural strength; the mounting and dismounting structures of the spool are compact, and the operation is rapid and simple; the workload is reduced, and the working efficiency is increased; the mounting time and the dismounting time of the detachable spool are shortened from 5-10 minutes to 1-2 minutes each time; the working efficiency is greatly increased, and the labor intensity is greatly reduced.