43 results about "Controlled airspace" patented technology

The present invention provides a traffic management system for managing unmanned aerial systems (UASs) operating at low-altitude. The system includes surveillance for locating and tracking UASs in uncontrolled airspace, for example, in airspace below 10,000 feet MSL. The system also includes flight rules for safe operation of UASs in uncontrolled airspace. The system further includes computers for processing said surveillance and for applying the flight rules to UASs. The traffic management system may be portable, persistent, or a hybrid thereof.

The present invention provides a traffic management system for managing unmanned aerial systems (UASs) operating at low-altitude. The system includes surveillance for locating and tracking UASs in uncontrolled airspace, for example, in airspace below 10,000 feet MSL. The system also includes flight rules for safe operation of UASs in uncontrolled airspace. The system further includes computers for processing said surveillance and for applying the flight rules to UASs. The traffic management system may be portable, persistent, or a hybrid thereof.

A thorough understanding of aircraft operations counts at airports is helpful due to the use of those counts in the planning and design process and in the allocation of funds for improvement. Methods of counting aircraft operations at airports lacking full-time personnel are typically based on conventional statistical sampling using relatively small sample sizes due to the inherent difficulty and expense of positioning acoustic or pneumatic counting devices at those airports for extended periods of time. Such methods are often inaccurate because of the lack of sufficient representative samples. A means of counting operations using a combination of Mode C, Mode S, and ADS-B extended squitter aircraft transponder data received using a 1090 MHz software-defined radio system is disclosed herein. The increasing presence of such signals in both controlled and uncontrolled airspace around airports, due to a recent federal mandate that all aircraft in certain types of controlled airspace be equipped with ADS-B Out capability by 2020, lends itself to the measurement of operational parameters associated with the related aircraft. The 1090 MHz signals are received passively; i.e., there is no interrogation from the field-deployed device. The resulting sample counts are typically larger than those determined through conventional data collection procedures. In one aspect, these sample counts are applied to a Bayesian statistical estimation technique, which produces an improved estimate of operations.

The invention discloses a terminal sector dividing method based on the graph theory and the spectral clustering algorithm. The method is carried out with the help of a computer system which comprises a sector dividing subsystem. The terminal sector dividing method comprises the first step of putting forward a calculating model of a peak connection degree according to the basic airline network structure and air traffic flow in controlled airspace, the second step of effectively dividing peaks of an airspace image based on the spectral clustering algorithm to solve the problem of a division error in short-distance parallel air routes and to achieve construction and division of a sector convex hull, the third step of putting forward a boundary optimized path selection algorithm based on sectors of an MAKLINK image, and the last step of carrying out optimizing to eliminate a sawtooth shape of the boundaries of the sectors to some degree to enable the sector boundaries to be more conform to actual operations so that the final dividing of the sectors can be finished. By means of air traffic flow, reverse deduction is carried out conveniently while the sectors are divided. By means of the terminal sector dividing method based on the graph theory and the spectral clustering algorithm, flows of the sectors are balanced, coordination is small, minimum distance constraint is met, the difficulty of commanding of a controller is reduced, and the security of operation in the terminal area is guaranteed.

A system and method for providing pilot assistance to an aircraft in the lack of air control airspace, within the context of IFBP and TIBA procedures. The system and method includes receiving blind broadcast messages on a dedicated frequency, inputting relevant data regarding the blind broadcast message to a system in which an estimated current position of all broadcasting aircraft within a neighborhood is calculated. In addition, the flight paths being followed as well as direction of flight of the aircraft in the neighborhood extrapolated from the blind broadcast message and preferably displayed to the pilot. In an embodiment, the system displays the trajectories of all broadcasting aircraft in relation to flight path of the pilot's aircraft to determined if a collision is possible.

The invention discloses a 4D trajectory displaying method based on World Wind. The 4D trajectory displaying method based on World Wind comprises the following steps of disposing flight dynamic data of an aircraft; converting projection coordinates of the aircraft so as to obtain the projection position; introducing control airspace GIS data so as to obtain an airspace background; combining the projection position of the aircraft and the airspace background so as to obtain the projection position of the aircraft with the combination of the airspace background; and displaying the flight dynamic data of the aircraft in the form of comprehensive information and the like. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the three-dimensional airspace background of a display subsystem is rendered by utilizing a World Wind platform; the dynamic information of the aircraft is displayed by adopting a transparent target layer, and the position of the aircraft at the target layer is consistent with the three-dimensional airspace background by adopting a space conversion mode, so that relatively intuitive airspace dynamic information can be provided for managers, and the effectiveness and reliability of air traffic control can be improved.

The invention discloses a multi-airspace trajectory planning and a negotiation method oriented to four-dimensional track operation, and belongs to the field of air traffic management. The method firstly obtaining a flight plan, an airspace capacity, an airport available time slots, and an air traffic flow management policy information, determining the criteria for interplay between the flight trajectories of flight segments, defining a control airspace and an intermediate airspace, generating an airspace flight interaction relation matrix, and in this way, determining the flight trajectory scope that needs to be prioritized, adjusting the trajectory by changing the key point time and height, iteratively updating the matrix until the number of interdependent flights is zero, planning the result and determining the executability in trajectory sharing and negotiation. According to the multi-airspace trajectory planning and negotiation method oriented to four-dimensional track operation, the technical support can be provided for the development of a hollow tube automation system and a control auxiliary decision tool which support four-dimensional track operation.

Systems and methods that coordinate assignments of aircraft operating within a controlled airspace to ground radios are provided. In one embodiment, such a system includes an air traffic control (ATC) facility (12), a plurality of ground radios (16A-16C), and a network manager (20) communicatively coupled to the air traffic control facility (12) and the ground radios (16A-16C). The air traffic control facility is responsible for controlling aircraft (14A-14I) operating within the airspace (10) and providing ATC information to the network manager (20). The ground radios (16A-16C) are operable to provide communications between the air traffic control facility (12) and the aircraft (14A-14I). The network manager (20) is operable to assign each aircraft (14A-14I) to one of the ground radios (16A-16C) based on network management considerations using the ATC information.

The invention discloses an airspace sector dividing method based on computation geometry and simulated annealing. The method is achieved under the assistance of a computer system which comprises a sector dividing subsystem, wherein the sector dividing subsystem serves as a realizing platform of an area control sector dividing method. According to the airspace sector dividing method based on the computation geometry and the simulated annealing, on the basis of the control airspace structure and traffic flow spatial distribution, a vague multiple-target function and a constraint condition function of control sector dividing are established, a binary strategy of airspace dividing is put forward, a sector optimization dividing problem is solved by means of the simulated annealing algorithm, global optimum is achieved by means of the simulated annealing method of the binary strategy, the overall satisfaction degree of section dividing multiple-target optimization is higher than the satisfaction degree when only balancing of the sector average flow rate is considered, minimum flight time constraint, minimum distance constraint and sector boundary and main traffic flow crossing angle constraint are achieved, airspace operation safety is guaranteed, and the occurrence rate of flight delay is reduced.

The invention discloses a section operation performance detection method and system. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, determining a BP (Back Propagation) neural network topology structure, acquiring section performance detection index samples of different time periods, and establishing a sample set; step 2, optimizing a weight and a threshold of a BP neural network by use of a genetic algorithm, performing network training, and outputting an optimized BP neural network; and step 3, predicating section performance comprehensive indexes through the BP neural network optimized in the step 2 according to input section performance detection index real-time data. According to the method, various influence factors of controlling section operation performances are comprehensively contained, actual requirements of performing real-time detection and alarming on the section performance comprehensive indexes by an air traffic control unit can be met, and a data support effect on improving the control operation management level and optimizing a control airspace structure is achieved. The designed control section operation performance comprehensive detection system can be applied to the air traffic control unit and has high application engineering operability.

The invention discloses a controller workload prediction method and system. The method comprises a first step of determining a back propagation (BP) neutral network topology structure, collecting sector traffic flow state index samples of different times, and building a sample set; a second step of optimizing a weight and a threshold of a BP neutral network by use of a genetic algorithm, performing network training, and outputting an optimized BP neutral network; a third step of predicting the index of the controller workload through the optimized BP neutral network of the second step according to the input real-time data of the sector traffic flow state index; and a fourth step of responding to a warning if a result of predicted index of the controller workload meets a preset condition. Through adoption of the method, the reliability of the prediction result of the controller workload can be improved, actual demands of an air traffic control unit on real-time prediction and warning for the controller workload can be met, and the method can provide data support for improvement of operation management level and optimization of the controlled airspace structure.

The invention discloses a conflict prediction method under approach control airspace height limitation, which comprises the following steps: a, extracting flight intention information of aircrafts; b,determining a horizontal track and a speed profile; c, displaying a trajectory profile; d, setting an early warning advance period; e, setting a conflict alarm threshold; f, designing a conflict detection method; g, correcting error; and h, acquiring and displaying conflict detection maps. According to the invention, automatic conflict detection for the approach control airspace is realized, andthe workload of approach controllers is reduced.

A firearm projectile assembly apparatus disclosed herein comprises: a bullet; a hollow core running completely through the bullet from a front of the bullet subassembly to a rear of the bullet; a core material within at least part of the hollow core; and an expansion-inducing tip integral with the core material, and protruding forward of the front of the bullet; wherein: when the projectile assembly impacts with a target, the expansion-inducing tip drives the core material rearward relative to the hollow core, forcing the bullet to expand radially outwardly. Also disclosed for firearm projectile assembly apparatus is a pressure shield; and a non-discarding attachment of the pressure shield to the bullet, such that after the projectile assembly is fired from a firearm, the pressure shield does not discard from the bullet during the bullet's flight to a target. Also disclosed is a pressure shield comprising: a gas check; and various controlled air spaces. Also disclosed are related methods of use and production for the firearm projectile assembly apparatus, and various subassemblies thereof.

A method for operating an, at least temporarily, unmanned aircraft or spacecraft wherein a flight procedure of the aircraft or spacecraft is carried out in controlled airspace using a previously cleared flight plan, wherein a C2 link is at least temporarily unavailable, and wherein at least one sensor device of the aircraft or spacecraft identifies a dangerous and / or emergency situation which makes it necessary to deviate from the cleared flight plan. To have available a method which makes it possible for an at least temporarily unmanned aircraft or spacecraft to react independently to particular dangerous and / or emergency situations and to avoid damaging events, a control device of the aircraft or spacecraft independently uses a wireless data link to a supervisory authority in order to agree to a changed flight plan containing at least one change.

Provided is an airspace controller for creating and managing dynamic airspace for different users. The airspace controller may produce different dynamic airspace for each user by continually updating static controlled airspace maps with user-specific flight information including user-planned flights, authorization status of the user's flights, waivers, controlled airspace restrictions, and real-time flight telemetry. The airspace controller may generate a static airspace map for all users with different airspace user interface (“UI”) elements at different regions that correspond to different airspace restrictions in effect at those regions. The airspace controller may create dynamic airspace for each user by modifying the static airspace map to include flight UE elements over regions of the static airspace map where user-defined flights are to occur. The flight UE element may include shapes that correspond to flight areas defined for a flight plan, and one of several graphical representations to identify authorization status of the flight.

The invention discloses a controlled airspace strategic flow prediction method based on a gray long-short-term memory network, and belongs to the technical field of air traffic flow management. The controlled airspace strategic flow prediction method comprises the following steps: step 1, reading data; step 2, preprocessing the data; step 3, preliminarily screening influence factors by utilizing grey correlation analysis; step 4, extracting main characteristics by utilizing a principal component analysis method; step 5, establishing a gray strategic flow prediction model; step 6, establishinga long short-term memory network strategic flow prediction model; and step 7, establishing a gray long-short-term memory network combination prediction model. For the controlled airspace strategic flow prediction method, scientific basis can be provided for airspace structure optimization such as sector division and route adjustment of the control area; effective utilization of airspace resourcesis achieved; and a basis is provided for resource demand distribution such as future personnel investment, financial investment and fixed asset investment of the controlled area.

The invention discloses a monitoring method and a monitoring system for small aircrafts and floating objects. The monitoring method comprises the steps of: acquiring video image information photographed by all cameras in a monitoring region in real time; carrying out separate analysis and processing on the acquired video image information of each camera, and identifying all the small aircrafts and floating objects in the video image information; carrying out three-dimensional space reconstruction on the video image information having the small aircrafts and the floating objects, and positioning three-dimensional coordinates of all the small aircrafts and floating objects, and recording moving trajectories of all the small aircrafts and floating objects; and analyzing the moving trajectory of one single small aircraft or floating object, predicting a future moving trajectory of the same, and sending alarm information when a predicted trajectory of one single small aircraft or floating object is about to pass through a control region. The monitoring method and the monitoring system can be used for monitoring all the small aircrafts and floating objects in the control airspace in a visual, omnidirectional and uninterrupted manner, ensure the safety of the control region, and have good application prospect.

Provided is an airspace controller for creating and managing dynamic airspace for different users. The airspace controller may produce different dynamic airspace for each user by continually updating static controlled airspace maps with user-specific flight information including user-planned flights, authorization status of the user's flights, waivers, controlled airspace restrictions, and real-time flight telemetry. The airspace controller may generate a static airspace map for all users with different airspace user interface (“UI”) elements at different regions that correspond to different airspace restrictions in effect at those regions. The airspace controller may create dynamic airspace for each user by modifying the static airspace map to include flight UE elements over regions of the static airspace map where user-defined flights are to occur. The flight UE element may include shapes that correspond to flight areas defined for a flight plan, and one of several graphical representations to identify authorization status of the flight.

Systems and methods that coordinate assignments of aircraft operating within a controlled airspace to ground radios are provided. In one embodiment, such a system includes an air traffic control (ATC) facility (12), a plurality of ground radios (16A-16C), and a network manager (20) communicatively coupled to the air traffic control facility (12) and the ground radios (16A-16C). The air traffic control facility is responsible for controlling aircraft (14A-14I) operating within the airspace (10) and providing ATC information to the network manager (20). The ground radios (16A-16C) are operable to provide communications between the air traffic control facility (12) and the aircraft (14A-14I). The network manager (20) is operable to assign each aircraft (14A-14I) to one of the ground radios (16A-16C) based on network management considerations using the ATC information.

Provided is an airspace controller for creating and managing dynamic airspace for different users. The airspace controller may produce different dynamic airspace for each user by continually updating static controlled airspace maps with user-specific flight information including user-planned flights, authorization status of the user's flights, waivers, controlled airspace restrictions, and real-time flight telemetry. The airspace controller may generate a static airspace map for all users with different airspace user interface (“UI”) elements at different regions that correspond to different airspace restrictions in effect at those regions. The airspace controller may create dynamic airspace for each user by modifying the static airspace map to include flight UE elements over regions of the static airspace map where user-defined flights are to occur. The flight UE element may include shapes that correspond to flight areas defined for a flight plan, and one of several graphical representations to identify authorization status of the flight.

A system for landing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) at a destination includes a landing coordination control unit that is configured to switch the UAV from a normal operating mode to a landing mode in response to the UAV entering a regulated airspace in relation to the destination. The normal operating mode includes normal instructions for flying and navigating to the destination. The landing mode includes landing instructions for a landing sequence into a landing zone at the destination.

The invention discloses a self-adaptive adjusting method and device for a unit window in a controlled airspace. The self-adaptive adjusting method comprises the following steps: determining the related flight path judgment range when an observation point is detected in the controlled airspace, wherein the related flight path judgment range comprises the unit window with the observation point and other unit windows adjacent to the unit window with the observation point; determining the adjustment scheme of the unit window (narrowing the unit window) if it is judged that no system flight path relevant to the observation point exists in the related flight path judgment range and at least on system flight path exist in the unit window with the observation point; and redividing the controlled airspace according to the determined adjustment scheme of the unit window. Because the unit window can be adjusted in a self adapting way according to the condition of the controlled airspace, the leakage of the correlation can be avoided, the amount of calculation can be reduced, the correlation judgment efficiency can be improved, and more calculation resources of the system can be saved.

The invention discloses a self-adaptive adjusting method and device for a unit window in a controlled airspace. The self-adaptive adjusting method comprises the following steps: determining the related flight path judgment range when an observation point is detected in the controlled airspace, wherein the related flight path judgment range comprises the unit window with the observation point and other unit windows adjacent to the unit window with the observation point; determining the adjustment scheme of the unit window (narrowing the unit window) if it is judged that no system flight path relevant to the observation point exists in the related flight path judgment range and at least on system flight path exist in the unit window with the observation point; and redividing the controlled airspace according to the determined adjustment scheme of the unit window. Because the unit window can be adjusted in a self adapting way according to the condition of the controlled airspace, the leakage of the correlation can be avoided, the amount of calculation can be reduced, the correlation judgment efficiency can be improved, and more calculation resources of the system can be saved.

The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle monitoring and early warning method and system based on a block chain. The method comprises steps that 1, a monitoring node receives the real-time information periodically reported by an unmanned aerial vehicle; 2, whether the current position of the unmanned aerial vehicle is located in a control airspace or not is determined according to the real-time information; if so, a step 3 is carried out; if not, a step 4 is carried out; 3, a violation identifier V is added in front of the unmanned aerial vehicle information, and the early warning information is sent to a monitoring node administrator; 4, a normal identifier N is added in front of the information of the unmanned aerial vehicle; 5, the monitoring node writes the unmanned aerial vehicle information added with the identifier into the block chain; and step 6, the blockchain node synchronizes the blockchain information, and performs judgment and early warning. The method is advantaged in that the control airspace information and the unmanned aerial vehicle illegal entry control airspace information are synchronized in real time among a plurality of different mechanisms by usingthe distributed characteristic of the block chain, so data sharing and emergency response efficiency of the corresponding mechanisms is improved.

The invention discloses a civil slight unmanned aerial vehicle flight automatic supervision and approval system and method and belongs to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle supervision. The method comprises a civil slight unmanned aerial vehicle suitable flight airspace flight automatic approval process, the civil slight unmanned aerial vehicle controlled airspace flight approval process, and the civil slight unmanned aerial vehicle real-time flight dynamic supervision process. The method is advantaged in that unmanned aerial vehicle flight users, airspace management and public safety management are organically combined, an unmanned aerial vehicle flight comprehensive supervision system is divided into a user service subsystem, an airspace management subsystem, a public safety managementsubsystem and a flight information service subsystem. An automatic and manual approval method is determined, and requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle flight comprehensive supervision services suchas flight quick approval, real-time visible flight path, management and control quick verification and comprehensive information release are met.

The invention discloses an airspace use conflict automatic detection method and system, which can automatically identify airspace use conflicts and airspace intrusion risks and ensure safe use of airspace. According to the scheme, the method includes: if it is judged that an application airspace is in an activated state, sending the application airspace to a current activated airspace queue; circularly judging whether each activated airspace in the queue conflicts with other activated airspaces and control airspaces in the queue in three aspects of time, height and plane geometry or not; and if so, modifying the airspace use plan, and re-executing the scheme; otherwise, based on the aircraft position and speed within the set range around the application airspace monitored and detected by the air traffic control radar, estimating the position of the aircraft at the future moment by constructing an aircraft flight route model. The method of the invention comprises the steps of constructing a space analytic geometry model of an application airspace, judging whether an estimated position of an aircraft at a future moment is located in the application airspace or not, if so, modifying an airspace use plan, and re-executing the scheme; otherwise, performing an airspace usage plan.

The invention discloses an airspace sector dividing method based on computation geometry and simulated annealing. The method is achieved under the assistance of a computer system which comprises a sector dividing subsystem, wherein the sector dividing subsystem serves as a realizing platform of an area control sector dividing method. According to the airspace sector dividing method based on the computation geometry and the simulated annealing, on the basis of the control airspace structure and traffic flow spatial distribution, a vague multiple-target function and a constraint condition function of control sector dividing are established, a binary strategy of airspace dividing is put forward, a sector optimization dividing problem is solved by means of the simulated annealing algorithm, global optimum is achieved by means of the simulated annealing method of the binary strategy, the overall satisfaction degree of section dividing multiple-target optimization is higher than the satisfaction degree when only balancing of the sector average flow rate is considered, minimum flight time constraint, minimum distance constraint and sector boundary and main traffic flow crossing angle constraint are achieved, airspace operation safety is guaranteed, and the occurrence rate of flight delay is reduced.

The invention discloses a grid flight conflict detection method based on flight trend reasoning in space-time probability distribution. Aiming at the problem that various uncertain factors such as meteorological changes, route dynamic adjustments, and pilot operations interfere with aircraft movement, the present invention reveals the time-varying law of air traffic flow on the basis of obtaining current air state estimation, combined with trend reasoning and dynamics theory , and further by constructing the space-time probability distribution calculation of the grid-controlled airspace, the efficient detection between multiple aircraft and between aircraft and airspace in the complex airspace environment is realized. The method of the present invention realizes the advantages of the traditional dead reckoning model Complementary, it improves the stability and robustness of the refined representation of the trajectory under the joint disturbance of uncertain multi-factors, which is of great significance for improving the efficiency of air traffic operations and ensuring the safety of air operations.