Plant bioreactors

Abstract

A plant expressing a cytokine and an autoantigen is disclosed. An example of a cytokine is a contra-inflammatory cytokine, for example IL-4 and IL-10, and an example of autoantigen is GAD. A novel method for the production of transgenic proteins of interest suitable for oral administration is also disclosed. Further, non-food crop plants expressing one or more proteins of interest are disclosed, as is a method involving the preparation of a protein of interest suitable for oral administration within a non-food crop plant comprising, transforming the non-food crop plant with a suitable vector containing a gene of interest and appropriate regulatory regions to ensure expression of the gene of interest within the non-food crop plant, such that the non-food crop plant is characterized as being non-toxic, non-addictive, palatable, and requiring minimal or no processing prior to oral administration. An example of a non-food crop plant is low alkaloid tobacco. Proteins of interest may include pharmaceutically active proteins such as growth regulators, insulin, interferons, interleukins, growth hormone, erythropoietin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, hPG-CSF, M-CSF, Factor VIII, Factor IX, tPA, antibodies, antigens and combinations and / or derivatives thereof.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This is a Division of application Ser. No. 10 / 137,647, filed May 3, 2002, pending; which is a Continuation In-Part of application Ser. No. 09 / 773,385, filed Feb. 1, 2001, abandoned; which is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 09 / 102,050, filed Jun. 22, 1998, abandoned; which is a Continuation In-Part of application Ser. No. 08 / 733,791, filed Oct. 18, 1996, abandoned; the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates to the use of plants as a bioreactor for the production of heterologous proteins. More specifically this invention relates to the expression of transgenes of interest for oral administration using plants. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] Expression of mammalian genes in several plants including tobacco and Arabidopsis has been recognized as efficient, low cost, non-sterile bioreactors for the production of proteins valuable to both medicine and...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0052] The present invention also discloses a method of enhancing the effect of an immune response against...

Problems solved by technology

However, one limitation with clinical use of the oral tolerance approach is the cost of protein production, as oral tolerance requires the ingestion of relatively large amounts of protein antigens, often in excess of quantities that can be provided by conventional protein synthesis or fermentation systems.

Clearly steps involving purification or processing are undesirable if ease of oral administration is to be maximized as well as minimizing any associated costs for production.

Other plant bioreactor systems based on canola (Rooijen et al., 1995), potato (Manson et al., 1996), rice and cassaya (Ma & Hein, 1995) do not offer this advantage.

However, many non-food crop plants contain high levels of secondary plant products making plant tissue obtained from these plants unsuitable for direct oral administration.

However, these methods are directed to the alteration of nicotine levels so that the levels of other alkaloids that affect the flavours and aroma of tobacco are not modified in any manner.

These plants are not ideal for use as a non-food crop plant as describe herein, since the levels of only a select group of alkaloids have been reduced.

Further, no nicotine free plants were actually produced, nor was the use of these transgenically modified tobacco plants, as a bioreactor for the synthesis of proteins of interest, suggested.

However, there are several potential limitations in the success of this approach in human disease, including selection of the appropriate antigen that is specific to disease, intervention in the disease process prior to onset of marked epitope spreading in which the targeting of the initial peptide is extended to associated peptides within the triggering protein, intervention in the disease process prior to onset of advanced clinical symptoms, and the requirement for large amounts of protein antigen suitable for clinical use.

This latter issue leads to large costs of protein production from the use of conventional expression systems including transgenic expression in tissue culture and fermentation systems, to produce the amounts of protein needed.

Additionally, expression in bacterial systems incapable of glycosylation and correct folding of the protein, leads to the formation of inclusion bodies and marked reduction in levels of recoverable usable protein antigens.

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