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Silicon carbon composite material, and preparation method and application thereof

A technology of silicon-carbon composite materials and composite materials, applied in electrical components, battery electrodes, circuits, etc., can solve the problem of low volume energy density and power energy density of silicon-carbon anode materials, which cannot meet the application requirements of battery anode materials, and harsh preparation conditions and other issues, to achieve the effects of superior cycle stability, limited electrode expansion, high-quality specific capacity and volume specific capacity

Active Publication Date: 2018-01-19
WUHAN UNIV OF SCI & TECH
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  • Abstract
  • Description
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Problems solved by technology

[0005] Aiming at the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a silicon-carbon composite material, its preparation method and application, the purpose of which is to uniformly mix waste silicate-based glass powder with sheet carbon material, After mixing with magnesium powder and molten salt, it is hydraulically formed into an ingot for magnesium thermal reaction to obtain a silicon-carbon composite material. The preparation method is simple, the process is safe, and the cost is low, and the prepared silicon-carbon composite material has a high tap density and compaction. Density, as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries has good performance, thereby solving the problems of harsh preparation conditions, high cost, complicated steps, and serious pollution of the existing silicon-carbon negative electrode materials in the prior art, and the volume energy density of the silicon-carbon negative electrode material prepared at the same time and low power energy density, can not meet the application requirements of battery anode materials and other technical problems

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  • Silicon carbon composite material, and preparation method and application thereof
  • Silicon carbon composite material, and preparation method and application thereof
  • Silicon carbon composite material, and preparation method and application thereof

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preparation example Construction

[0040] The preparation method of the silicon-carbon composite material is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0041] (1) Combine silicate glass powder and sheet carbon material, perform wet ball milling, filter and dry to obtain a uniformly mixed mixture of silicate glass powder and sheet carbon material.

[0042] As a preferred technical solution, the particle size of the silicate glass powder is 5-10 microns. The method of obtaining silicate glass powder is as follows: washing and drying the glass with deionized water, then reducing the particle size of the glass by mechanical ball milling, and then sieving with 1000 meshes to screen out the glass powder whose particle size meets the requirements, so that The composite is more uniform in the subsequent preparation process. The silicate glass is sodium silicate glass or calcium silicate glass.

[0043] Sheet carbon material is a carbon material with a sheet structure, including one or more of natural g...

Embodiment 1

[0053] (1) The 5-10 micron glass powder and expanded graphite after ball milling are put into an agate jar for mechanical ball milling for 10 hours according to the mass ratio of 10:1 with alcohol as a ball milling agent to obtain a mixture of glass and graphite;

[0054] (2) heating the mixture of glass and graphite obtained in the step (1) to 1000° C. for 2 hours at a heating rate of 5° C. / min under an argon atmosphere;

[0055] (3) Grind the sample obtained in step (2) and mix it uniformly with magnesium powder and molten salt according to the mass ratio of 1:0.35:4, and then hydraulically form an ingot under a pressure of 40 MPa;

[0056] (4) Put the sample ingot obtained in step (3) into a tube furnace filled with argon and heat it to 700° C. for 3 hours at a heating rate of 5° C. / min to obtain a reacted mixture;

[0057] (5) Wash the reacted mixture obtained in step (4) in 1mol / L hydrochloric acid for 5 hours. Then it was washed in 0.5 mol / L hydrofluoric acid for 10 min...

Embodiment 2

[0065] (1) The 5-10 micron glass powder and expanded graphite after the ball milling are according to the ratio of mass ratio 10:0.8, with alcohol as the ball milling agent, put into an agate jar and mechanically ball mill for 10 hours to obtain a mixture of glass and graphite;

[0066] (2) heating the mixture of glass and graphite obtained in step (1) to 850° C. for 2 hours at a rate of temperature increase of 5° C. / min under an argon atmosphere;

[0067] (3) Grind the sample obtained in step (2) and mix it evenly with magnesium powder and molten salt according to the mass ratio of 1:0.35:5, and then hydraulically form an ingot under a pressure of 12 MPa;

[0068] (4) Put the sample ingot obtained in step (3) into a tube furnace filled with argon and heat it to 700° C. for 3 hours at a heating rate of 5° C. / min to obtain a reacted mixture;

[0069] (5) Wash the reacted mixture obtained in step (4) in 2mol / L hydrochloric acid for 3 hours. Then, it was washed in 0.2 mol / L hydr...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a silicon carbon composite material, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of performing wet process ball milling on glass powder and a laminated layer carbon material to obtain a uniform mixed product of glass and the carbon material; next, performing uniform mixing and compacting on the product and magnesium powder and fused salt to form an ingot; and then performing a magnesium thermal reaction, and carrying out acid washing on the reaction product to obtain a sandwich layer-shaped porous silicon / graphene-like structured composite material. The preparation method are simple in steps and easy to implement, and the raw materials are wide in resource; more importantly, the mixture is made into the ingot through the compacting process, and then the magnesium thermal reaction is performed, so that the tap density of the silicon carbon negative electrode material is greatly improved, and the volumetric specific capacity of the negative electrode material is improved; meanwhile, by compounding with the graphite and other carbon material to form the sandwich-like structure, the electronic conductivity of the material is improved effectively, and the compatibility between the silicon base material and an electrolyte can be improved, thereby improving cycle performance and rate capability of the material; and therefore, the silicon carbon composite material can be applied to the negative electrode material with high power density and high energy density of the lithium ion battery.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of lithium-ion battery negative electrode materials, and more specifically relates to a silicon-carbon composite material, its preparation method and application. Background technique [0002] Lithium-ion batteries have become an important energy storage device for portable electronic devices due to their high energy density. However, compared with traditional batteries, new batteries used in emerging electric transportation systems should have higher specific capacity, energy density and Better cycle life. Among the numerous anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, silicon is considered the most promising material due to its exceptionally high specific capacity, abundant reserves in the earth's crust, and well-developed manufacturing infrastructure. Silicon has been used in lithium-ion batteries for more than 30 years, but the mechanical crushing and rapid capacity decay of silicon materials seriously affect its c...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/38H01M4/583
CPCY02E60/10
Inventor 霍开富高标梅世雄安威力付继江张旭明
Owner WUHAN UNIV OF SCI & TECH
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