The invention discloses a hydrogenation protection catalyst, a preparation method and applications thereof, wherein the catalyst contains a carrier and a hydrogenation active component supported on the carrier, the carrier is formed by molding a hydrated alumina composition, and the hydrated alumina composition contains hydrated alumina and a compound having at least two proton acceptor sites, andhas the [phi] value of the composition is 1.8-5. The present invention further discloses a hydrocarbon oil hydrotreatment method using the catalyst. According to the present invention, the high-strength carrier is prepared by using the hydrated alumina wet gel as the starting raw material, such that the hydrated alumina wet gel drying step is eliminated, the total process is simplified, the wholeoperation energy consumption is reduced, the dust pollution caused by the application of the pseudoboehmite dry glue powder as the carrier preparation raw material is avoided, and the working environment is substantially improved; and the hydrogenation protection catalyst has high catalytic activity, can effectively reduce the metal impurity content in hydrocarbon oil, and can prolong the servicelife of the hydrogenation catalysis main agent.