Method of controlling a drug release rate

Abstract

A method of controlling the drug release rate of a drug coated endovascular stent by depositing a drug material layer on the stent and then modifying the drug material using gas cluster ion beam irradiation to create a carbon matrix with interstices containing the original drug. The rate at which the drug elutes through the interstices can be controlled by processing parameters. Multiple layers may be employed to create time varying release rates.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application is a division of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11 / 349,483 filed Feb. 7, 2006 and entitled METHOD OF CONTROLLING A DRUG RELEASE RATE, which in turn is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10 / 144,919 filed May 13, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,105,199 and entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MEDICAL DEVICES BY ADHERING DRUGS TO THE SURFACE THEREOF, which in turn claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. Nos. 60 / 290,389 filed May 11, 2001, and 60 / 317,652 filed Sep. 6, 2001, each entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MEDICAL DEVICES BY APPLYING / ADHERING DRUGS TO THEIR SURFACE IN COMBINATION WITH THE APPLICATION OF ION BEAM TECHNOLOGY, all applications being incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]This invention relates generally to drug delivery systems such as, for...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0011]The present invention is directed to the use of gas cluster ion-beam (GCIB) surface modification to implant, apply, or adhere various drug molecules directly into or onto the surface of a stent or other medical device, thereby eliminating the need for a polymer or any other binding agent and transforming the medical device surface into a drug delivery system. This will prevent the problem of toxicity and the damage caused by transportation of delaminated polymeric material throughout the body. Unlike the prior art stents described above that load the stent material itself, the present invention provides the ability to adhere for time-release an optimal dosage of the drug or drugs.

[0015]As the term is used herein, an “adhered drug layer” refers collectively to the post-GCIB irradiated layer comprised of at least one portion of non-carbonized deposited drug substance(s) and at least one carbonized matrix through which the deposited drug substance(s) is released at an expected rate. In embodiments described below, a drug delivery system comprised of multiple, adhered drug layers may subsequently be formed by repeatedly depositing additional layers of a selected drug substance onto a preceding adhered layer and irradiating the additional deposited drug layer with GCIB's. The selection of drug substance types, the method for depositing the drug (including sublimation) onto the medical device surface, and the control over GCIB dosing permits the precise formation of adhered drug layers such that a desired drug release rate, or elution profile, may be achieved in a multi-layered system. Subsequently adhered drug layers will have very few to no direct bonds between the carbonized matrix associated with the subsequent layer and the surface of the medical device. Rather, such layers will be adhered to preceding drug matrix layers. And in certain embodiments, the carbonized drug matrix of even the first layer will not be bonded, or stitched, to the stent surface.

[0018]Any of the methods described may optionally include an irradiation step prior to drug deposition to obtain a smoother surface, which will help reduce non-uniform thickness in the adhered drug layer(s).

[0019]The application of drugs via GCIB surface modification such as described above will reduce complications, lead to genuine cost savings and an improvement in patient quality of life, and overcome prior problems of thrombosis and restenosis. Preferred therapeutic agents for delivery in the drug delivery systems of the present invention include anti-coagulants, antibiotics, immunosuppressant agents, vasodilators, anti-prolifics, anti-thrombotic substances, anti-platelet substances, cholesterol reducing agents, anti-tumor medications and combinations thereof.

Problems solved by technology

Unfortunately, the body's response to this procedure often includes thrombosis or blood clotting and the formation of scar tissue or other trauma-induced tissue reactions at the treatment site.

Statistics show that restenosis or renarrowing of the artery by scar tissue after balloon angioplasty occurs in up to 35 percent of the treated patients within only six months after these procedures, leading to severe complications in many patients.

However, there are also serious complications associated with the use of coronary stents.

Although the use of coronary stents is growing, the benefits of their use remain controversial in certain clinical situations or indications due to their potential complications.

There remain a number of problems associated with this technology.

Because the stent is expanded at the diseased site, the polymeric material has a tendency to crack and sometimes delaminate from the stent surface.

These polymer flakes can travel throughout the cardio-vascular system and cause significant damage.

There is some evidence to suggest that the polymers themselves cause a toxic reaction in the body.

Additionally, because of the thickness of the coating necessary to carry the required amount of medicine, the stents can become somewhat rigid making expansion difficult.

However, loading, spraying and dipping do not satisfactorily adhere the drug to the stent surface and therefore, in many instances, do not yield the optimal, time-release dosage of the drugs delivered to the surrounding tissue.

Images