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Biodiesel fuel compositions having increased oxidative stability

a biodiesel and composition technology, applied in the direction of fuel additives, liquid carbonaceous fuels, fuel additives, etc., can solve the problems of fuel line corrosion, injection pump and/or fuel line damage in engines, heaters, etc., and achieve the effect of increasing the oxidative stability of a fuel composition

Inactive Publication Date: 2007-05-24
NOVUS INTERNATIONAL INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0012] A further aspect of the invention provides a method of increasing the oxidative stability of a fuel composition comprising contacting a biodiesel and an antioxidant mixture comprising at least two antioxidants. The two antioxidants are selected from the group consisting of 2-tert-butylhydroquinone, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid n-propyl ester, 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, butylated hydroxyanisole, 2,6-Di-tert-Butyl-1-Hydroxy-4-Methylbenzene, alpha-tocopherol acetate, alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, delta-tocopherol, dilauryl thiodipropinate, isopropyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylthio butanoate, propyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, gallic acid, octyl gallate, ascorbyl palmitate, lecithin, stearyl citrate, palmityl citrate, chlorophyl, pyrogallol, alpha naphthol, ascorbic acid, natural tocopherol, citric acid, sage extract, rosemary, eugenol, and 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline.

Problems solved by technology

The products formed from this oxidation give rise to sediment and gum formation within the fuel and lead to corrosion and plugging in injection pumps and / or fuel lines in engines, heaters, and / or machines which utilize biodiesel as a fuel source.

Method used

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  • Biodiesel fuel compositions having increased oxidative stability
  • Biodiesel fuel compositions having increased oxidative stability
  • Biodiesel fuel compositions having increased oxidative stability

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Effectiveness of Various Antioxidants to Stabilize Biodiesel

[0093] The stability of biodiesel alone or in the presence of various antioxidants was tested using two methods approved by the American Oil Chemists Society, i.e., the Active Oxygen Method (AOM) (AOCS Official Method Cd 12-57) and the Oxidation Stability Index (OSI) method (AOCS Official Method Cd 12b-92) which is equivalent to the Rancimat method. The biodiesel comprised soybean oil, yellow grease, or menhaden oil. Unless completely liquefied, each sample was melted at a temperature not more than 10° C. above its melting point. The antioxidants included SANTOQUIN®, SANTOQUIN Q®, AGRADO®, AGRADO R®, PETGUARD™ and PETGUARD 4™. The levels of the antioxidants tested are presented in Table 1. All of the conditions were tested in duplicate.

[0094] AOM measures the levels of peroxides, or oxidation products, in a lipid sample after exposure to air and heat. For this, 20 ml of sample (± antioxidant) was added to the reaction tub...

example 2

Effectiveness of Antioxidant Mixtures to Stabilize Soybean Biodiesel

[0097] The ability of various antioxidants or combinations of antioxidants to stabilize biodiesel comprising soybean oil were compared using the AOM and OSI methods, essentially as described in Example 1. The antioxidants included ethoxyquin (EQ), FeedGuard 20 (FG20), PETGUARD 4™ (PG4), TBHQ, and BHT. Each of the antioxidants or antioxidant combination was used at a concentration of 500 ppm. Table 2 presents the various conditions, as well as the AOM and OSI values. TBHQ was the best antioxidant in preventing the oxidation of soybean oil, as assayed by both methods.

TABLE 2Antioxidant Effectiveness to Prevent OxidationAOMOSIType ofvaluevalueBiodieselAntioxidant(s) at 500 ppm(meq / kg)(hr)Soybean oilnone2785.2Soybean oilEQ3224.4Soybean oilEQ (30%) + TBHQ (10%)3776.3Soybean oilPG4 (20% BHA & 20% BHT)1106.4Soybean oilPG4 (15% BHA & 15% BHT) + EQ1556.4(25%)Soybean oilFG20 (20% TBHQ & 10% citric acid)1526.1Soybean oilBHT...

example 3

Ability of Antioxidant Mixtures to Stabilize Soybean Biodiesel

[0098] The effectiveness of various formulations of ethoxyquin (EQ), PETGUARD 4™ (PG4), and TBHQ to stabilize a biodiesel comprised of soybean oil were compared using the AOM and OSI methods, as detailed in Example 1. Table 3 presents the concentration of each component of the formulations, and the AOM and OSI values. This experiment revealed that any formulation comprising TBHQ at 50 ppm had excellent antioxidant activity.

TABLE 3Effectiveness of Antioxidant FormulationsType ofEQPG4TBHQAOM valueOSI valueBiodiesel(ppm)(ppm)(ppm)(meq / kg)(hr)Soybean oilnonenonenone2456Soybean oil404010948Soybean oil4004010988Soybean oil4040010749Soybean oil40040010738Soybean oil404050611Soybean oil4004050511Soybean oil4040050612Soybean oil40040050512

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Abstract

The present invention relates to biodiesel fuel compositions that have improved oxidation stability. More specifically, the biodiesel fuel compositions include at least one antioxidant that increases the oxidative stability of the fuel. The biodiesel fuel compositions may also include an antioxidant mixture, or an antioxidant mixture in combination with a polar and / or nonpolar solvent, that increases the oxidative stability of the fuel.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This application claims priority from Provisional Application Ser. No. 60 / 739,805 filed on Nov. 23, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The present invention relates to biodiesel fuel compositions that have improved oxidation stability. More specifically, the biodiesel fuel compositions include at least one antioxidant that increases the oxidative stability of the fuel. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0003] The use and production of biodiesel as an alternative to vehicle fuel, heating fuel, and engine fuel has increased in recent years due to concerns with limited resources of petroleum based fuels. Biodiesel is typically produced from the transesterification of, for example, vegetable oils, animal fats, and used cooking oils. [0004] Biodiesel, as it has a higher content of unsaturated fatty acid esters, easily oxidizes in the presence of oxygen, UV light, heat, trace metals, such as...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C10L1/18C10L5/00
CPCC10L1/143C10L1/1802C10L1/1826C10L1/183C10L1/1832C10L1/1852C10L1/1855C10L1/1857C10L1/1883C10L1/189C10L1/19C10L1/1905C10L1/191C10L1/232C10L1/2425C10L1/2658C10L1/301C10L10/00C10L10/02C10L10/04
Inventor ABOU-NEMEH, IBRAHIM
Owner NOVUS INTERNATIONAL INC
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