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Antimutagenic compositions for treatment and prevention of photodamage to skin

a technology of compositions and antimutagenic compositions, applied in the direction of biocide, drug compositions, aerosol delivery, etc., can solve the problems of ineffective prevention measures such as sunscreen use, ineffective use of sunscreens, sunscreens and agents which induce or improve tanning, etc., to reduce mutation frequency, photaging, and tumorigenesis in skin, and attenuate the effects of exposur

Inactive Publication Date: 2002-01-17
PRO NEURON INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0013] It is an object of the invention to provide compositions and methods for reducing mutation frequency, photaging, and tumorigenesis in skin, thereby attenuating consequences of exposure to solar and ultraviolet radiation and to other mutagens including endogenous oxidants.
[0014] It is an object of the invention to provide a composition that enhances DNA repair and prevents consequences of mutagenic radiation even when administered after damage or exposure to radiation or other mutagens has already occurred.
[0015] It is a primary object of this invention to provide compositions and methods for effectively preventing or treating consequences of exposure of the skin to solar and ultraviolet radiation and other environmental mutagens.

Problems solved by technology

In practice, preventive measures like sunscreen use are not completely effective, and exposure to sunlight is not always anticipated.
Sunscreens and agents which induce or improve tanning are not useful in such situations, since they are only useful if applied prior to exposure to UV radiation.
Moreover, there are situations wherein sunscreens and even endogenous melanin can actually enhance UV-induced DNA damage through photodynamic sensitization.
The key issue in DNA repair, however, is not necessarily the rate of lesion excision, but the fidelity of repair.
A crucial point is that increasing cell survival after genomic damage caused by UV radiation or other mutagens is not necessarily desirable.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 2

Post-irradiation Treatment with Topical Deoxyribonucleosides Prevents Development of UV-induced Papillomas in v-Ha-ras Transgenic TG.AC Mice

[0111] Example 1 demonstrated that post-irradiation topical treatment can reduce the frequency of UV-induced mutations in a reporter gene in "Blue" transgenic mice, through support and improvement of DNA repair processes. One of the consequences of reduced mutation frequency in response to a carcinogen like UV radiation should be a reduction of UV-induced tumorigenesis.

[0112] A strain of transgenic mice has been developed which is extremely sensitive to carcinogens. It permits rapid determination of carcinogenic potential of various chemical agents and other treatments. Normal mice require repeated exposure to ultraviolet radiation over a number of weeks in order to reliably develop skin tumors. In contrast, v-Ha-ras TG.AC transgenic mice can develop tumors rapidly after a single exposure, or small number of exposures to UV radiation.

[0113] In 9...

example 3

Low Concentrations of Oxybenzone Exacerbate UV-induced Damage to DNA

[0118] Confluent human fibroblasts in T25 flasks were washed 3 times with HBSS (Hank's Balanced Salt Solution) and incubated with vehicle or with various concentrations of oxybenzone (OB) for 2 hours. Media was aspirated and cells were covered with a 1 mm layer of HBSS and irradiated from above with UV-B (50 J / m.sup.2). The medium was aspirated and cells were incubated for three hours with 2 mM hydroxyurea. Medium was again aspirated, and cells were trypsinized with 0.25% trypsin / EDTA. Cells were centrifuged at 4.degree. C., resuspended in 50 microliters of HBSS and incubated at room temperature with 200 microliters of 1N NaOH for 15 minutes. DNA damage (single strand breaks) was assessed by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation. "Nucleoid position" in the sucrose gradient is proportional to the number of DNA single strand breaks.

[0119] UV irradiation without oxybenzone results in a three to four-fold increase in...

example 4

Deoxribonucleosides Attenuate Photodynamic Enhancement of DNA Damage Caused by Oxybenzone

[0120] Confluent human fibroblasts were exposed to 2 micromolar oxybenzone (OB), as in Example 3, prior to exposure to UV-B radiation (50 J / m.sup.2). Different flasks of cells also were exposed to increasing concentrations of deoxyribonucleosides. Cells were processed for determination of nucleoid position in a sucrose density gradient, a measure of DNA single strand breaks.

[0121] As shown in Table 4, deoxyribonucleosides produce a dose-dependent reduction in the yield of DNA single strand breaks induced by UV exposure plus 2 .mu.M OB. Deoxyribonucleosides at 2 .mu.M slightly reduce DNA damage; at 200 micromolar, the deoxyribonucleosides almost completely abrogate the DNA damage.

4TABLE 4 Deoxyribonucleosides attenuate photodynamic enhancement of DNA damage caused by UV plus oxybenzone Group Nucleoid Position (mm) UV + 2 .mu.M OB 56 UV + 2 .mu.M OB + 2 .mu.M dNsides 47 UV + 2 .mu.M OB + 20 .mu.M ...

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PUM

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Abstract

A method of improving DNA repair and reducing DNA damage and for reducing mutation frequency in skin for the purpose of reducing consequences of exposure to solar or ultraviolet radiation is disclosed. The methods comprise administering to the skin a composition containing deoxyribonucleosides in concentrations sufficient to enhance DNA repair or reduce mutation frequency in a vehicle capable of delivering effective amounts of deoxyribonucleosides to the necessary skin cells.

Description

[0001] This invention relates generally to treatment and prevention of photodamage, genetic damage, and tumorigenesis in skin and other tissues caused by exposure to solar or ultraviolet radiation or other mutagens, comprising administration of deoxyribonucleosides or esters of deoxyribonucleosides to a mammal such as a human. These compounds are capable of reducing DNA damage, mutation frequency, and tumorigenesis when applied topically before, during, or after exposure to mutagenic radiation or chemical mutagens.[0002] Exposure of skin to ultraviolet (or ionizing) radiation damages DNA, which if unrepaired or improperly repaired, can lead to carcinogenesis as well as contribute to acceleration of the aging process. DNA damage and consequent genomic instability are defining characteristics of both carcinogenesis and biological aging. Patients with defective DNA repair capabilities in diseases like xeroderma pigmentosa display premature skin aging and a very high incidence of skin c...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K8/00A61K8/33A61K9/06A61K8/34A61K8/35A61K8/36A61K8/362A61K8/365A61K8/37A61K8/39A61K8/41A61K8/46A61K8/49A61K8/60A61K31/70A61K31/7068A61K31/7072A61K31/7076A61K31/708A61K45/00A61K47/10A61K47/12A61K47/38A61P1/02A61P1/04A61P17/00A61P17/04A61P17/06A61P17/16A61P35/00A61Q17/04A61Q19/00A61Q19/08
CPCA61K8/606A61K31/70A61Q19/004A61Q19/08Y10S514/944Y10S514/844Y10S514/847Y10S514/848Y10S514/969A61P1/02A61P1/04A61P17/00A61P17/04A61P17/06A61P17/16A61P35/00
Inventor VON BORSTEL, REID W.ROMANTSEV, FEDOR
Owner PRO NEURON INC
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