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Method for preparing nano-sized silicon and silicon/carbon composite material by using silica fume as raw material and application thereof

A carbon composite material, nano-scale technology, applied in the direction of nanotechnology, nanotechnology, silicon compounds, etc. for materials and surface science

Inactive Publication Date: 2015-11-25
THE NAT CENT FOR NANOSCI & TECH NCNST OF CHINA
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

But the area of ​​using it to make silicon or silicon / carbon composites for energy storage in batteries is a field of further research.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0081] Mix silica fume and magnesium powder at a mass ratio of 1:1, place in a tube furnace protected by an argon atmosphere, heat to 675°C, keep it warm for 4 hours, and then cool to room temperature under an argon atmosphere; put the cooled solid mixture in Soak in 1.0 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 10 hours, filter, wash and dry to obtain nanometer-sized silicon. Dissolve 0.1 g of nano-sized silicon and 0.2 g of sucrose in 15 ml of distilled water, and after ultrasonic dispersion is uniform, transfer the mixture into a 20 ml hydrothermal reaction kettle and keep it at 180°C for 12 hours; centrifuge the naturally cooled mixture, Separation, washing, and drying; place the dried solid in an argon-protected tube furnace, raise the temperature to 500° C., and keep it warm for 2 hours to prepare a nano-sized silicon / carbon composite material, wherein the mass content of silicon is 86%.

[0082]Mix the prepared silicon / carbon composite material, binder polyvinylidene fluorid...

Embodiment 2

[0084] Mix silica fume and aluminum powder at a mass ratio of 1:3, place in a tube furnace protected by an argon atmosphere, heat to 650°C, keep warm for 2 hours, and then cool to room temperature under an argon atmosphere; put the cooled solid mixture in Soak in 2.0 mol / L sulfuric acid solution for 24 hours, filter, wash and dry to prepare nano-sized silicon. Dissolve 0.1 g of nano-sized silicon and 0.1 g of citric acid in 10 ml of distilled water. After ultrasonic dispersion is uniform, the mixture is transferred to a 20 ml hydrothermal reactor and kept at 200°C for 8 hours; the naturally cooled mixture is centrifuged , separation, washing, and drying; put the dried solid in an argon-protected tube furnace, raise the temperature to 650°C, and keep it warm for 5 hours to prepare a nano-sized silicon / carbon composite material, wherein the mass content of silicon is 90% .

[0085] The silicon / carbon composite material was assembled into a button battery in the manner described...

Embodiment 3

[0087] Mix silica fume and potassium metal at a mass ratio of 1:3, place in a tube furnace protected by an argon atmosphere, heat to 70°C, keep it warm for 24 hours, and then cool to room temperature under an argon atmosphere; put the cooled solid mixture in Soak in 0.01 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 48 hours, filter, wash and dry to obtain nanometer-sized silicon. Take 0.1 gram of nano-sized silicon, 0.05 gram of polyacrylonitrile dissolved in 20 ml of dimethylpyrrolidone, after ultrasonic dispersion, the mixture is transferred to a 30 ml reaction kettle, and kept at 230 ° C for 3 hours; The mixture was centrifuged, separated, washed, and dried; the dried solid was placed in an argon-protected tube furnace, heated to 1000°C, and kept for 2 hours to obtain a nano-sized silicon / carbon composite material, wherein the mass content of silicon was 72%.

[0088] The silicon / carbon composite material was assembled into a button battery in the manner described in Example 1 and...

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Abstract

A preparation method of nano-sized silicon and a silicon / carbon composite material is disclosed. A nano-sized silicon-containing by-product produced during the process of industrial smelting of metal silicon, silicon-iron alloy and the like is reduced directly by a metallothermic reduction process, so as to obtain a nano-sized silicon material; the nano-sized silicon material undergoes ball-milling along with a carbon material and / or is mixed with a carbon precursor; and through hydrothermal carbonization and solvent thermal treatment, pyrolysis carbonization, or chemical vapor deposition of carbon, the nano-sized silicon / carbon composite material is prepared. The nano-sized silicon and / or composite material can be used as an active negative material or used in an energy storage system. According to the preparation method, processes with disadvantages of tedious technology, complex equipment and energy consumption, such as removal of impurities in advance, nano-structuring and the like, are not required; raw material resources are rich, cheap and easily available; technology is simple; costs are low; and the method is easy for amplification.

Description

technical field [0001] The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of silicon and silicon / carbon composite material and application thereof, relate to the silicon-containing by-product (namely, Silica fume) for the preparation of nano-sized silicon and / or silicon / carbon composites and their use in the field of energy storage. Background technique [0002] Silicon / carbon composites can be used as a material with better capacity to replace graphite for improved performance of anode active materials in secondary batteries, especially Li / ion batteries. Secondary batteries mainly include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, alkaline-manganese rechargeable batteries, and lead-acid batteries. Among them, due to their high energy density, high operating voltage, low self-discharge rate, and no memory effect, etc. Lithium-ion battery is currently the most widely used secondary battery in the fields of mobile communication...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C01B33/023H01M4/36H01M4/38B82Y30/00B82Y40/00
CPCY02E60/10
Inventor 李祥龙智林杰
Owner THE NAT CENT FOR NANOSCI & TECH NCNST OF CHINA
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