Gradient compound material and preparation method

Abstract

The gradient composite material consists of a base, transition layers and a working layer combined through metallurgical combination, and has composition and performance in controlled gradient change from the base to the working layer. The transition layers include several layers, and the working layer may be one or several layers. Each of the transition layers has thickness of 0.1-50 mm, preferably 0.5-5 mm, and the working layer has thickness of 0.1-1000 mm, preferably 2-30 mm. When the working layer is of ceramic or high alloy, the transition layer adjacent to the working layer has high content of ceramic or alloy. The composite material has reasonable comprehensive performance and the working layer has excellent performance.

Description

1. Technical field [0001] The invention relates to a preparation method of a gradient composite material, in particular to a metal gradient composite material and the preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of metal structure composite materials. 2. Background technology [0002] With the rapid development of modern industry, higher requirements are put forward for metal parts, requiring products to work for a long time under high parameters (such as high temperature, high speed, high pressure), high automation and harsh working conditions, which will inevitably affect the material The requirements for wear resistance and corrosion resistance are becoming increasingly stringent. In some cases, it is often uneconomical or impractical to use precious metals or alloys to manufacture overall equipment and parts even if they can meet the performance requirements. required material. Therefore, new structural composite materials are of great significance for improv...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0006] Such as mechanically connected and bonded composite materials, the interface is poorly bonded; the interface composition of the welding material changes sharply, the bonding strength is low, and the physical and chemical properties vary greatly; the explosive composite and rolling composite materials not only have a sharp change in the interface composition, but the thickness of the composite layer is small and uniform. Poor performance, and only suitable for plate and strip; Diffusion welding materials have high requirements on workpiece shape and surface, and high manufacturing cost (need to be carried out under vacuum and certain pressure); Materials manufactured by self-propagating method can only form part of the metallurgical bond with the matrix, which is very difficult It is difficult to form a continuous and uniform composite layer, and the interfacial bonding strength is low; the material varieties manufactured by casting composite and sintering methods are limited and the manufacturing cost is high; ion implantation, laser cladding, thermal dipping, hot dipping, thermal spraying, Laser heat treatment and electron beam heat treatment are not only expensive processing equipment, complicated process and high cost, but also the working layer is very thin, generally only 0.1-3mm, such as the method of plasma scanning spraying metal surface mentioned in CN011151979, for large workpieces, Complicated cross-sections or workpieces that require subsequent processing have little practical value; electroplating, chemical conversion treatment, electroless plating, vapor deposition, and coating layers cannot form metallurgical bonds with the substrate, and the interface bonding strength is low, which does not constitute a metal structure in the actual sense Composite materials; spray welding and surfacing layer materials can form a firm metallurgical bond with the substrate, but the material interface composition obtained by the current process changes sharply, the physical and chemical properties vary greatly, and the working layer has a single performance. Most of them are used for workpiece size repair

[0007] To sum up, in the existing metal composite materials and composite technology, there is no concept and method of gradient composite materials in which the matrix, interface layer, and working layer material composition and performance change in a gradient manner, and the use of this method for wider applications