The invention discloses a space division multiple access communication method based on a harmonic modulation technology. According to the method, an adaptive array antenna is adopted to realize spacedivision and form different wave beams in different user directions, and different antenna wave beams are used to provide information access for users in different areas. The same carrier frequency ordifferent carrier frequencies used for serving different areas covered by the antenna beams adopt fundamental frequency and harmonic wave for information transmission. The information transmission process comprises the following steps: firstly, modulating different information, then respectively loading the modulated information on different harmonic components or component combinations, and finally demodulating fundamental frequency and harmonic information received by a receiving end. According to the method, the capability of harmonic information transmission is fully utilized, the utilization rate of the frequency spectrum is greatly improved, potential of the existing frequency spectrum resource is greatly mined and excited, and therefore the existing space division multiple access communication method can be greatly splendid in the upcoming 5G era.