Chimeric receptor genes and cells transformed therewith

Abstract

Chimeric receptor genes suitable for endowing lymphocytes with antibody-type specificity include a first gene segment encoding a single-chain Fv domain of a specific antibody and a second gene segment encoding all or part of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, and optionally the extracellular domain, of an immune cell-triggering molecule. The chimeric receptor gene, when transfected to immune cells, expresses the antibody-recognition site and the immune cell-triggering moiety into one continuous chain. The transformed lymphocytes are useful in therapeutic treatment methods.

Description

[0001]This application is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08 / 084,994 filed Jul. 2, 1993, which is herein incorporated by reference in toto.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]The present invention relates to chimeric receptor genes suitable for endowing lymphocytes with antibody-type specificity, to expression vectors comprising said chimeric genes and to lymphocytes transformed with said expression vectors. Various types of lymphocyte cells are suitable, for example, cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, etc. The transformed lymphocytes are useful in therapeutic treatment methods.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]Cells of the immune system are known to recognize and interact with specific molecules by means of receptors or receptor complexes which, upon recognition or an interaction with such molecules, causes activation of the cell to perform various functions. An example of such a receptor is the antigen-specific T cell receptor complex (TCR / CD3...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0024]Because of the restrictions imposed by corecognition of self MHC plus antigen, the acquisition of new specificity by grafting of TCR genes is limited to inbred combinations. Such manipulations are practically impossible in an outbred population. However, the present invention allows us to confer antibody specificity using not only the TCR components, but other lymphocyte-signalling chains, such as the zeta / eta chains of CD3, γ chain of the FcγR and FcεR, α, β and γψ chains of the IL-2R or any other lymphokine receptor, CD16 α-chain, CD2, CD28, and others. Thus, grafting the chimeric genes into NK cells which are not antigen-specific will endow them with antibody specificity.

Problems solved by technology

Antigen-specific effector lymphocytes, such as tumor specific T cells (Tc), are very rare, individual-specific, limited in their recognition spectrum and difficult to obtain against most malignancies.

The major problem of applying specific antibodies for cancer immunotherapy, lies in the inability of sufficient amounts of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to reach large areas within solid tumors'.

In practice, many clinical attempts to recruit the humoral or cellular arms of the immune system for passive anti-tumor immunotherapy have not fulfilled expectations.

While it has been possible to obtain anti-tumor antibodies, their therapeutic use has been limited so far to blood-borne tumors (1, 2) primarily because solid tumors are inaccessible to sufficient amounts of antibodies (3).

The use of effector lymphocytes in adoptive immunotherapy, although effective in selected solid tumors, suffers on the other hand, from a lack of specificity (such as in the case of lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK cells) (4) which are mainly NK cells) or from the difficulty in recruiting tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and expanding such specific T cells for most malignancies (5).

However, while specific examples are present showing that such activation is possible when the extracellular portion of receptors such as the CD4 receptor are joined to such ζ, η or γ chains, no proof was presented that when a portion of an antibody is joined to such chains one can obtain expression in lymphocytes or activation of lymphocytes.

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