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Group 13-15 interstitial metal hydride catalysts and associated processes

a metal hydride catalyst and interstitial metal technology, applied in metal/metal-oxide/metal-hydroxide catalysts, organic compounds/hydrides/coordination complexes, physical/chemical process catalysts, etc., can solve the problems of difficult to remove sulfur, low hydrogen content, and low hydrogen content, so as to improve product quality, increase hydrogen content, and increase hydrogen content

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-05-26
CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV +1
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0010]These “improved product qualities” of the processes herein include, but or not limited to increased hydrogenation (or increased hydrogen content by weight), conversion or “cracking to a lower average boiling point conversion, higher API gravity, reduced viscosity, as well as lowered levels of sulfur, nitrogen and metals. The current processes utilize new interstitial metal hydrides (or “iMeH(s)”) comprising Group 13-15 elements, which iMeH catalysts have unexpectedly shown improved hydrodesulfurization and hydrogenation performance over the interstitial metal hydrides of the prior art.

Problems solved by technology

A significant portion of the sulfur contained in these heavy oils is in the form of heteroatoms in polycyclic aromatic molecules, comprised of sulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophenes, from which the sulfur is difficult to remove.
Due to the large aromatic structures of the asphaltenes, the contained sulfur can be refractory in nature and can be difficult to remove.
However, a major problem facing the industry is that in these processes, a hydrocarbon stream is contacted at relatively high temperatures (typically at least 200 to 300° C. and higher) and pressures generally in excess of about 400 psig, and commonly in excess of 1000 psig or even 2500 psig.
These severe conditions (i.e., high pressures and temperatures) under which these processes operate result in high energy costs as well as significant capital equipment costs being associated with both the construction and operation of these units.
Additionally, elevated safety concerns of these operations also result in highly specialized and costly safety, environmental and mitigation controls being associated with these operations.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

[0078]This example describes how the CAT 400, CAT 401 and CAT 402 interstitial metal hydrides (“iMeHs”) of the Examples herein were fabricated and prepared. These catalysts were utilized for the performance testing described in Example 2 herein.

Chemical Composition of Tested Materials

[0079]The chemical compositions of the iMeHs tested in the Examples were as follows:

CAT 400=ZrV2

CAT 401=ZrV2+5 wt % Sn

CAT 402=ZrV2+5 wt % Sb

Sample Preparation for the CAT 400, CAT 401, and CAT 402 iMeHs

[0080]The metal alloys were prepared by melting together the appropriate stoichiometric amounts of metals with purity of 99.9% (from Alfa Aesar / Johnson Matthey Company™) in an argon atmosphere using water cooled copper hearth argon arc furnace Model CENTORR® from Centorr Vacuum Industries™, Nashua, N.H. Each arc-melted ingot was flipped over and re-melted three times and was normally held in the liquid state for approximately 30 seconds to insure complete mixing of the starting materials. The reduction i...

example 2

[0086]This Example was used to test, calculate and compare the relative first order rate constants of the iMeH samples from Example 1.

[0087]Here, the three (3) iMeHs from Example 1 were tested in both the non-sulfided (or “unsulfided”) and sulfided conditions with model compounds under similar severe hydroprocessing conditions of 200° C. and 400 psig. The testing in this example was performed according to the following procedures.

Hydrotreating Activity of the Non-Sulfided Interstitial Metal Hydrides

[0088]The reactor testing unit consisted of a multi-well, high-pressure batch reactor that holds 48×3 mL alumina vials. The vials are covered with a plate containing 48 pinholes to allow gas flow into and out of the vials, but limit liquid losses. The iMeH and feed loading and unloading were done in a glove box under nitrogen. The iMeH was added in 32.5 microliter increments to 1.5 mL of feed to simulate space velocity. Mixing was accomplished with an orbital shaker at 300 rpm. Feeds cont...

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PUM

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Abstract

The present invention relates to the processing of hydrocarbon-containing feedstreams in the presence of an interstitial metal hydride comprised of at least one chemical element selected from Groups 3-11 (including the lanthanides, atomic numbers 58 to 71), and at least one chemical element selected from Groups 13-15 from the IUPAC Periodic Table of Elements. These interstitial metal hydrides, their catalysts and processes using these interstitial metal hydrides and catalysts of the present invention improve overall hydrogenation, product conversion, as well as sulfur reduction in hydrocarbon feedstreams.

Description

[0001]This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 281,964 file Nov. 24, 2009.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]The present invention relates to the processing of hydrocarbon-containing feedstreams in the presence of an interstitial metal hydride comprised of at least one chemical element selected from Groups 3-11 (including the lanthanides, atomic numbers 58 to 71), and at least one chemical element selected from Groups 13-15 from the IUPAC Periodic Table of Elements. These interstitial metal hydrides, their catalysts and processes using these interstitial metal hydrides and catalysts of the present invention improve overall hydrogenation, product conversion, as well as sulfur reduction in hydrocarbon feedstreams.DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART[0003]As the demand for hydrocarbon-based fuels has increased, the need for improved processes for desulfurizing hydrocarbon feedstreams has increased as well as the need for increasing the conversion of the heavy portions ...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C10L1/00B01J21/06B01J21/08B01J29/076C10G45/00C10G45/22
CPCB01J31/121C10G49/04B01J2531/0222B01J2531/42B01J2531/48B01J2531/52B01J2531/56C10G45/60C10G47/02C10G2300/1011C10G1/002C10G45/04C10G45/06C10G49/02B01J2231/64Y02E50/10Y02P30/20
Inventor VENKATARAMAN, PALLASSANA S.STUNTZ, GORDON F.MCCONNACHIE, JONATHAN M.POURARIAN, FAIZ
Owner CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV
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