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Composition and method

a technology applied in the field of composition and method, can solve the problems of inability to achieve the effect of reducing the number of steps, affecting the quality of the product,

Inactive Publication Date: 2009-06-04
GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0010]In one embodiment, a composition is provided that includes a sintered reaction product of transition metal oxide particles that may have an average diameter less than about 1 micrometer; and si

Problems solved by technology

When a small or moderate voltage is applied across the electrodes, only a tiny current flows, caused by reverse leakage through the diode junctions.
If a transient pulse (often measured in joules) is too high, the device may melt, burn, vaporize, or otherwise be damaged or destroyed.
This unacceptable (catastrophic) failure occurs when “Absolute Maximum Ratings” are exceeded.

Method used

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  • Composition and method
  • Composition and method
  • Composition and method

Examples

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example 1

[0040]A mixture is formed from zinc oxide, and additives selected from cobalt, antimony, nickel, and chromium oxide nanopowders with bismuth, silicon, manganese oxide nanopowders in a ratio given in Table 1. The zinc oxide is commercially obtainable from Horsehead Coporation, (Monaca, Pa.). The additives are commercially obtainable from Nanostructured and Amorphous Materials Inc. (Houston, Tex.).

TABLE 1Composition(WeightSampleSampleSampleComparativeComparativepercent)123Sample 1Sample 2ZnO9485.594.6983.3992.21Bi2O30.5232.121.40Sb2O3131.56.343.75Al2O3—20.010.04—SiO223—0.430.07Cr2O30.5———1.02MnO———0.90.4Mn2O30.5—0.1——MgO—2———Fe2O3———0.010.04Co2O3———1.131.17Co3O40.52.50.5——NiO1—0.21.27—SnO2————0.93

[0041]The materials form a mixture in a mixed oxide wet process. The mixture is milled in a ball mill for about 6 hours in a ratio materials:ball:isopropyl alcohol=1:5:2 to form a slurry. The slurry is dried at 100 degrees Celsius. The dried powder is sieved and calcined at 550 degrees Celsiu...

example 2

[0042]A mixture is formed from zinc oxide, and additives selected from oxide nanopowders cobalt, and antimony, with nanopowder oxides of bismuth, silicon, aluminum and magnesium in a ratio given in Table 1.

[0043]The materials are mixed using a mixed Oxide Wet Process. The mixture is milled in a ball mill for about 6 hours in a ratio materials:ball:isopropyl alcohol=1:5:2 to form a slurry. The slurry is dried at 100 degrees Celsius. The dried powder is sieved and calcined at 550 degrees Celsius for about 2 hours in a Thermolyne 1400 furnace. The calcined powder is then ball milled for about 4 hours. The slurry formed is dried at 100 degrees Celsius and the dried powder is sieved. The powder is then pressed into pellets (thickness of about 1.5 millimeters) with a force of about 10000 pounds for about 1 minute. The pellet is sintered in a Uniaxial Press at different temperatures for about 2 hours at about 950 degrees Celsius, about 1050 degrees Celsius at a rate of about 5 degrees Cels...

example 3

[0044]A mixture is formed from zinc oxide (from Horsehead Coporation, Monaca, Pa.), and additives selected from powders of cobalt, nickel, and antimony-based materials (from Nanostructured and Amorphous Materials Inc, Houston, Tex.), and with powders of bismuth, aluminum and manganese-based materials in amounts as given in Table 1.

[0045]The materials are mixed using a mixed oxide wet process. The mixture is milled in a ball mill for about 6 hours in a ratio of powder materials:ball:isopropyl alcohol=1:5:2 to form a slurry. The slurry is dried at 100 degrees Celsius. The dried powder is sieved and calcined at 550 degrees Celsius for about 2 hours in a Thermolyne 1400 furnace. The calcined powder is then ball milled for about 4 hours. The slurry formed is dried at 100 degrees Celsius and the dried powder is sieved. The powder is then pressed into pellets (thickness of about 1.5 millimeters) with a force of about 10000 pounds for about 1 minute. The pellet is sintered in a pressureless...

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Abstract

A composition includes a sintered mass having a plurality of cores and a grain boundary layer disposed between each of the plurality of cores. The core includes a transition metal oxide, and grain boundary layer includes a sintering additive, a grain growth inhibitor additive and a grain boundary additive.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application is a non-provisional application that claims priority to provisional U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 60 / 991,871, filed Dec. 3, 2007; the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.BACKGROUND[0002]1. Technical Field[0003]The invention includes embodiments that relate to a composition for use as a surge protector and / or varistor. The invention includes embodiments that relate to a method of using the composition, or derived device.[0004]2. Discussion of Art[0005]A varistor is an electronic component with a non-ohmic current-voltage characteristic. Varistors may protect circuits against excessive transient voltages by incorporating them into the circuit in such a way that, when triggered, they will shunt the current created by the high voltage away from the sensitive components. A varistor may be known as Voltage Dependent Resistor or VDR.[0006]A type of varistor is the Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV). This contains a ceramic mass of zi...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C04B35/01C04B35/10C04B35/14
CPCB32B18/00Y10T428/2991C04B35/62685C04B2235/3203C04B2235/3206C04B2235/3208C04B2235/3217C04B2235/3241C04B2235/3262C04B2235/3265C04B2235/3272C04B2235/3275C04B2235/3277C04B2235/3279C04B2235/3284C04B2235/3293C04B2235/3294C04B2235/3298C04B2235/3418C04B2235/6025C04B2235/606C04B2235/656C04B2235/6562C04B2235/6567C04B2235/668C04B2235/77C04B2235/785C04B2235/85C04B2237/34C04B2237/62H01C7/1006H01C7/18H01C17/065Y10T29/49082Y10T428/25C04B35/453
Inventor TAN, DANIEL QIIRWIN, PATRICIA CHAPMANYOUNSI, ABDELKRIMCAO, YANGCHU, BAOJINZHOU, YINGNENG
Owner GENERAL ELECTRIC CO
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