Aluminum-based composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of metal-based composite materials. The aluminum-based composite material comprises the following raw materials by volume percentage: 15-25% of boron carbide, 3-5% of graphene or hexagonal boron nitride, and 70-82% of an aluminum alloy. The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps of ball milling and powder mixing, sintering, homogenization treatment and heat treatment. A preparation device comprises a first-stage ball mill, a second-stage ball mill, a cold pressing forming machine, a heating furnace and a hot pressing forming machine which are sequentially connected, a powder conveyor is connected between the first-stage ball mill and the second-stage ball mill, and the cold pressing forming machine, the heating furnace and the hot pressing forming machine are conveyed through a conveying line. The density of the prepared aluminum-based composite material is 2.5-2.6g / cm<3>, the boron carbide reinforcement in the composite material is the third hard ceramic particles in the nature, so that the wear resistance is excellent; and meanwhile, the aluminum-based composite material has the self-lubricating characteristic, graphene and hexagonal boron nitride are both of a layered structure, and the composite material can be effectively spread on the surface to form a self-lubricating film in the working state.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of manufacturing metal-based composite materials, in particular to an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] The aluminum matrix composite material is based on aluminum or aluminum alloy, and through the synergistic strengthening of the reinforcing phase and the matrix, the material has excellent comprehensive properties such as light weight, high strength, and high rigidity, and meets the needs of parts with high internal quality requirements. However, due to the existence of the reinforcing phase in the aluminum matrix composite, the viscosity of the melt increases, which reduces the fluidity of the melt. Using the conventional gravity casting process, the fluidity and formability of the melt are poor during the pouring process, and the melt is solidified during the solidification process. In the process, the feeding channel of the casting is not s...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Among them, when the aluminum matrix composite is prepared by the casting method, it is easy to have disadvantages such as reinforcement phase segregation, harmful interfacial reaction between the matrix and the reinforcement phase, coarse structure, uneven composition, easy inhalation of gas and impurities, and the volume fraction of the reinforcement phase is relatively low. Low, these shortcomings lead to a reduction in the mechanical properties of the material

The powder metallurgy method can better avoid some defects in the casting method, such as controllable volume fraction, fine structure, uniform composition, etc., but the powder metallurgy process is complicated, easy to pollute, small in size, long in production cycle, and low in production efficiency. , these make its wide application limited; however, the existing powder metallurgy method is easy to form a large number of defects in the powder mixing process, which affects the quality of the composite material. At the same time, the existing process operation process is relatively complicated and the cost is high

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