Technological method for producing acetylene by efficient calcium carbide process

Abstract

The invention provides a technological method for producing acetylene by an efficient calcium carbide process, which comprises the following steps: grinding calcium carbide, and then degressively adding into a vacuum reactor, wherein the internal temperature of the vacuum reactor is 45-55 DEG C and the vacuum reactor contains a mixture of a saturated salt solution and an alkaline water solution; controlling the temperature of the whole reaction system to be not higher than 70 DEG C; and introducing acetylene gas subjected to preliminary purification into an acidic water solution and concentrated sulfuric acid sequentially for carrying out secondary purification, so as to obtain highly pure acetylene gas. Compared with the prior art, the technological method provided by the invention has the following advantages: a generated pasty calcium hydroxide solid quickly settles so as to prevent the surface of powdered calcium carbide from being wrapped and affecting the continuous operation of the reaction; the gas production reaction is carried out under relatively mild conditions, and a baffle does not need to be arranged in the reactor; the solubility of non-polar acetylene gas in the solution is reduced, the solubility of polar gas, such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen phosphide and hydrogen arsenide, in the solution is increased, and the gas production rate and the acetylene gas purity are increased; and the reaction process and the preliminary purification process are carried out in one reactor, thereby saving the field.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of acetylene preparation methods, in particular to a high-efficiency calcium carbide method for producing acetylene. Background technique [0002] Acetylene, commonly known as wind coal and calcium carbide gas, is the smallest member of the alkyne compound series. It is mainly used for industrial purposes, including welding metals and for the synthesis of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride substances. Acetylene has the danger of violent explosion in liquid and solid state or in gaseous state and certain pressure, and it can be caused by factors such as heat, vibration, electric spark and so on. The industrial production methods of acetylene mainly include calcium carbide method and hydrocarbon cracking method, among which the former is more commonly used, and calcium carbide method is divided into dry method and wet method. In the prior art, the dry method refers to directly spraying water onto the surfa...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

In the prior art, the dry method refers to directly spraying water onto the surface of calcium carbide, and utilizes the heat of reaction to evaporate water, and the reaction is violent and difficult to control; the wet method refers to adding calcium carbide to water, and the generated lime milk is easy to cover the surface of the calcium carbide, or Lime milk is mostly suspended in the reaction system, which reduces the contact area between calcium carbide and water, thereby affecting the normal progress of the reaction, resulting in incomplete calcium carbide reaction and affecting the gas production; the acetylene gas produced is mixed with hydrogen sulfide, phosphine and arsine, etc. Acidic gas, alkaline gas such as ammonia, and more moisture; the existing technology often uses additional purification equipment to purify the crude acetylene gas after the gas production is completed, and the equipment occupies a large area and increases the cost; in addition, the existing reaction The structure of the kettle is complex, and multi-layer baffles are often installed inside to block the splashing reaction substances during the reaction process and avoid blocking the gas outlet channel.