Controllable Composite Machining Method and Vibration System of Microhole Vibrating Electrode Spark Electrolysis

Abstract

The invention provides a controllable vibrating electrode electric spark and electrolytic combined machining technological method and device for a single group of micro holes and belongs to the technical field of special machining. An ultralow-concentration neutral salt solution is taken as a working solution, corresponding pulse voltage is applied between the two electrodes, the electrodes vibrate in a reciprocating mode in the feeding directions of the electrodes, the gap between the two electrodes is adjusted by controlling the vibration between the electrodes, and the gap between the electrodes is made to be smaller than a spark discharge gap when the electrodes vibrate in the forward direction, so that an electric spark reaction occurs; the distance between the electrodes is larger than the discharge gap when the electrodes vibrate in the negative direction, so that spark discharge is changed into an electrolytic reaction gradually; when the distance between the electrodes is too large, the electrolytic reaction is ended, the working solution is switched to be in the deionization state, then the next machining cycle is conducted along with the feeding of the electrodes, and controllable combination of electric spark machining and electrolytic machining is achieved by optimizing the vibrating mode. By the adoption of the controllable vibrating electrode electric spark and electrolytic combined machining technological method and device, high surface quality can be obtained, and machining efficiency is improved; meanwhile, control over the machining process and machining consistency can be effectively guaranteed.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to an EDM-electrolysis controllable composite processing method and a vibration system of a micro-hole vibrating electrode, belonging to the technical field of special processing. Background technique [0002] With the continuous development of the aviation industry, the design of the internal structure of the aero-engine is becoming more and more complex, and more and more micro-hole structures appear in its key components. Precision, high surface quality, and special requirements such as no burrs and sharp edges of the hole; 2) The parts materials that need to process tiny holes are generally high-strength and high-hardness difficult-to-machine materials, such as high-temperature alloys, titanium alloys, and intermetallic compounds etc.; 3) Due to the small hole diameter, the length-to-diameter ratio of micro-hole processing is often large; 4) There are special requirements for the metallographic structure of the hole wall, such...

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Problems solved by technology

[0004] On June 17, 2009, the Chinese patent with the publication number CN 101456095 A disclosed a method for accelerating the discharge of processed materials in EDM. Aiming at the difficult problem of processing products in micro-hole and deep-hole processing, it proposed The ultrasonic vibration-assisted method is used in the EDM machining of fine deep holes. Through the relative movement between the tool electrode and the workpiece, the discharge of products in the processing area is accelerated, and the processing quality and processing efficiency are improved. However, this method has not been applied to EDM. Electrolytic Composite Machining

[0005] On March 30, 2011, the Chinese patent with the authorization number CN101693313 B disclosed a micro-three-dimensional structure EDM combined milling method. With the help of the layered milling principle, simple electrodes are used for micro-EDM and micro-electrolytic milling. Combining processing methods to process a variety of metal alloy materials and complex cavity profiles. This invention can make full use of the advantages of fast EDM servo scanning milling processing and good surface quality of micro-electrolytic CNC milling processing electrodes without loss of surface quality to achieve processing accuracy. High speed, high speed and low cost, but this invention is mainly aimed at milling, not suitable for micro hole processing

This invention improves the erosion efficiency and eliminates the residual stress and metamorphic layer on the processed surface, but the method has no obvious effect on the processing of micro holes, and the loss of the tube electrode is large, and the processing cost is high

[0007] On August 7, 2013, the Chinese patent with the publication number CN103231133 A disclosed a method and device for electrolysis and spark composite machining of non-conductive materials. In this method, the tool electrodes are insulated before drilling non-conductive materials. Under the joint action of electrochemical reaction and electrolytic spark, a layer of aluminum oxide insulating film is formed on the surface of the tool electrode. During the drilling process of the workpiece, the side wall of the tool electrode remains insulated, and only occurs on the bottom surface where the tool electrode contacts the workpiece. Electrolytic spark discharge, under the joint action of high temperature, impact and grinding during electrolytic spark discharge, realizes material removal and completes the processing of workpieces. This method is mainly aimed at composite processing of non-conductive materials, and cannot be applied to difficult processing such as superalloys. processing of conductive materials

[0015]There are a large number of small single-group hole structures in the aviation industry. Such holes often require high machining accuracy and surface quality. At present, there is still no more efficient processing method

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