A fluidized bed reactor

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor, which comprises a housing and a three-phase separation part, wherein the housing sequentially comprises an enlargement section, a transition section and a straight tube section from top to bottom, the three-phase separation part is arranged inside the enlargement section and the transition section, and the side wall of the enlargement section is provided with a liquid discharge port. The fluidized bed reactor further comprises an outer pipe and a gas-liquid distributer, wherein the upper end opening and the lower end opening of the outer pipe are respectively communicated with the upper opening and the lower opening on the side wall of the straight tube section, and the gas-liquid distributer is arranged on the bottom of the straight tube section. According to the fluidized bed reactor, material circulation can be driven completely through the kinetic energy of the material on the inlet and the density difference of the materials in different areas in the reactor, such that the whole process has the characteristic of energy saving; and the reactor utilization efficiency is high, such that the generation of the thermal cracking reaction in the absence of the hydrogen can be substantially reduced during the heavy oil hydrocracking process.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to an ebullating bed reactor, in particular to an outer circulation ebullating bed reactor. Background technique [0002] The ebullating bed hydrogenation reactor is a gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluidized bed reactor. This type of reactor has the following advantages: it can process heavy and inferior raw materials with high metal content and high carbon residue value; the temperature of the reactor is easy to control and uniform, The pressure is low and constant; the catalyst can be added and taken out online, so the catalyst performance can be kept constant throughout the operation cycle; a higher conversion rate and a longer operation cycle can be achieved. [0003] Existing industrialized ebullating bed hydrogenation technologies include H-Oil process and LC-Fining process, etc. The ebullating bed reactor of these two processes is equipped with a circulation cup for gas-liquid separation, and the separated oil is passed thro...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The existing fluidized bed hydrogenation process has the following disadvantages: (1) The process operation is complex, requiring the use of complex material level monitors and circulating oil pumps, the system stability is poor, and when the circulating oil pump fails, the catalyst will react to The bottom of the reactor subsides, causing the device to be shut down; (2) The amount of catalyst in the reactor is low, and the space utilization rate of the reactor is low; (3) The energy consumption is high, and the fluidization of the solid catalyst depends on the circulating oil pump to inject a large amount of circulating oil (4) There is very little hydrogen in the circulating downcomer, which is a non-hydrogen environment, and the liquid will undergo secondary cracking reactions and coking at high temperatures to reduce product quality

However, since the reactor uses a solid catalyst with a particle size of 0.1-0.2 mm, the operating flexibility is small, and the catalyst is easily taken out of the reactor, which affects the operational stability of the system

CN201529519U discloses a kind of ebullating bed reactor of outer circulation type, and catalyst can be fluidized better, yet, there is almost no hydrogen in the circulation downcomer of this reactor during operation, and secondary cracking will occur in liquid at high temperature Reaction coking reduces product quality

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