The invention discloses a rack-type elastic-linkage self-adaptive robot finger device with variable-grabbing force, and belongs to the technical field of robot hands. The rack-type variable grabbing power elastic linked self-adaptive robot finger device comprises a motor, a plurality of finger sections, a plurality of joint shafts, transmission mechanisms, a plurality of transition shafts, a plurality of joint spring parts, a plurality of pulleys, a plurality of driving levers, a plurality of driving plates, a plurality of gear parts, a rope winding wheel, and a tendon rope. According to the device, the functions of self-adaptive grabbing and continuous locking of a plurality of joints are comprehensively achieved through utilizing the motor, the transmission mechanisms, driven driving plates, the driving levers, a first gear, a second gear, a rack, the rope winding wheel, the tendon rope and the spring parts; the device is used for grabbing objects, and can automatically adapt to the shapes and sizes of the objects; after object grabbing, a joint locking manner or a non-locking manner can be adopted; the grabbing process is quick and stable, after grabbing, the joints are locked to prevent the finger from bounding back and becoming unstable, and relatively large grabbing force can be provided; lockable joint angles are continuous; and the device is simple in structure, small in volume, light in weight, easy to control, and low in manufacturing and maintenance cost.