A Bailey beam for reinforcement is composed of Bailey panels, stiffening rods, bolts, anchor bolts, a prestressing tendon and anchorages. The components of the Bailey beam are all prefabricated in a factory, and are assembled and hoisted on site. The prestressing tendon is arranged in a lower chord of the Bailey beam, and is anchored to the stiffening rods at both ends. The Bailey beam slides towards both ends during prestress tensioning. In this case, the Bailey beam is lifted as a whole, and the prestressing force is applied to a lower edge of the Bailey beam, resulting in an inverted arch of structure, closing up of cracks and a decrease in downward deflection. After the completion of the prestress tensioning, sealing is performed by fixing fillers, a sealing steel plate and injecting solidifiable materials.