Guanosine-targeted
nanocarriers for encapsulating an
active agent and delivering it to
extracellular guanosine and
DNA are provided. The
nanocarriers, for example, polymeric particles, liposomes, and multilamellar vesicles have targeting
moiety that targets
guanosine attached, linked, or conjugated thereto. The targeting
moiety that targets
guanosine is typically an
antibody, or variant, fragment, or
fusion protein derived therefrom that binds to guanosine. The targeting
moiety can be a circulating
autoantibody that binds guanosine such as those commonly found in patients with SLE. Cytoplasmic delivery vehicles that do not localize into endosomes or lysosomes are also provided. The delivery agent is typically an
antibody, or variant, fragment, or
fusion protein derived therefrom that binds to guanosine. In some embodiments, the targeting moiety or delivery agent is
antibody 4H2 or a variant, fragment, or
fusion protein derived therefrom. Pharmaceutical compositions, methods of use, and dosage regimens are also provided.