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Hybrid electrodes with both intercalation and conversion materials

a technology of hybrid electrodes and conversion materials, applied in the direction of electric/dynamo-electric converter starters, electric vehicles, non-aqueous electrolytes, etc., can solve the problems of not being widely adopted for automotive applications, many conventional rechargeable batteries are not insufficient in at least one of these respects, and unable to meet current and future automotive demands

Inactive Publication Date: 2015-08-27
QUANTUMSCAPE CORP
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The patent text describes a method of making positive electrodes for electrochemical cells. These electrodes contain a combination of two types of positive electrode active materials: a conversion chemistry material and an intercalation chemistry material. The intercalation chemistry material can provide a voltage ceiling during recharge or a floor during discharge, depending on its voltage range and the needs of the electrochemical cell. The intercalation chemistry materials can also operate at different voltages than the conversion chemistry materials. The patent also includes methods for making and using these electrodes. The technical effect of this invention is to improve the performance and efficiency of electrochemical cells.

Problems solved by technology

While many types of rechargeable batteries have been developed, the respective advantages and disadvantages of each type has prevented the widespread commercialization of rechargeable batteries in many applications, particularly automotive applications (e.g., electric and hybrid vehicles), in part due to an inability to tailor the energy, power, cycle-ability, and cost considerations for a given battery to a given application.
For automotive (e.g., electric and hybrid vehicles) applications, high power and energy capacity, wide voltage operation range, and mechanical durability are all desirable characteristics, but unfortunately many conventional battery devices are insufficient in at least one of these respects for current and future automotive demands.
Since most high energy density batteries lack high power output capabilities, conventional rechargeable batteries have not been widely adopted for automotive applications.

Method used

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  • Hybrid electrodes with both intercalation and conversion materials
  • Hybrid electrodes with both intercalation and conversion materials
  • Hybrid electrodes with both intercalation and conversion materials

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Positive Electrode Preparation

[0111]Positive electrodes were prepared by mixing and milling either crystalline FeF3 or an 80:20 w / w mixture of crystalline iron trifluoride (i.e., FeF3) and lithium titanate (LTO) with carbon (C65 Conductive Carbon Black) and an Ethylene Propylene Rubber binder (EPR). These positive electrodes were disposed onto a liquid electrolyte including celgard membrane which was disposed on and contacting a Li-metal anode. The celgard separator contained the liquid electrolyte and physically separated the positive and negative electrodes. The liquid electrolyte included ethylene carbonate (EC) dimethylcarbonate (DMC) solvents in a 50:50 v / v (EC:DMC) ratio with 1M LiPF6 salt. In some examples, the electrochemical cells included only FeF3 as the positive electrode active material. In some other examples, the electrochemical cells included both FeF3 and LTO in an 80:20 w / w ratio as the positive electrode active material.

example 2

Electrochemical Testing of Hybrid Positive Electrodes with Comparison to Positive Electrodes Having Conversion Chemistry Active Materials

[0112]FIG. 11 shows a high rate discharge initially after assembling the electrochemical cell (i.e., 0th discharge). The discharge was run at C / 10 rate and at 50° C. The plateau at 1.6V in the LTO-including sample shows that the positive electrode with both FeF3 and LTO took a longer time during discharge to reach the 1.5V floor. This example demonstrates that LTO, with a lower operating voltage above the lowest conversion voltage for FeF3 “railed,” or prevented, the electrochemical cell from dropping to 1.5V as soon as it would have in the absence of LTO (i.e., in the electrochemical cell having only FeF3).

[0113]FIG. 12 shows the subsequent charging of the electrochemical cells used in the experiment to generate the data in FIG. 11. The initial plateau at 1.6V in the LTO-including sample shows that the positive electrode with both FeF3 and LTO beg...

example 3

Electrochemical Testing of Hybrid Positive Electrodes with Comparison to Positive Electrodes Having Conversion Chemistry Active Materials

[0114]Electrochemical cells were prepared according to Example 1. These electrochemical cells were analyzed at 50° C. using the following pulse cycle: An C / 10 rate continuous discharge pulse, followed by a rest to allow the cell voltage to equilibrate, and 1 minute current pulses of C / 5, C / 3, and C / 2, each with a five (5) minute rest period in between the discharge pulse. The cell Voltage (V v. Li) as a function of Run Time (s) was observed and recorded as FIGS. 13-18. The control samples only included FeF3 as the positive electrode active material. The LTO samples included both FeF3 and LTO (lithium titanate) in an 80:20 w / w ratio.

[0115]FIG. 13 shows the discharge voltage versus time near the end of a discharge for two representative control cells with 100% conversion chemistry, FeF3, cathodes compared to two representative cells with a hybrid cat...

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Abstract

The disclosure set forth herein is directed to battery devices and methods therefor. More specifically, embodiments of the instant disclosure provide a battery electrode that comprises both intercalation chemistry material and conversion chemistry material, which can be used in automotive applications. There are other embodiments as well.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 944,502, filed Feb. 25, 2014, entitled HYBRID ELECTRODES WITH BOTH INTERCALATION AND CONVERSION MATERIALS, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 027,908, filed Jul. 23, 2014, entitled HYBRID ELECTRODES WITH BOTH INTERCALATION AND CONVERSION MATERIALS. Each of these provisional patent applications is incorporated by reference herein for all purposes in their entirety.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]Recently, with the shortage of fossil-fuels and an increasing awareness of the adverse environmental effects from consuming fossil-fuels, public and private sectors have researched alternative and environmentally friendly technologies for storing and delivering energy, some of which include rechargeable batteries (i.e., secondary batteries, e.g., traction batteries). While many types of rechargeable batteries have been developed, the respective advantages an...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/36H01M4/505H01M4/52H02J7/00H01M4/136H01M10/0562B60L7/10H01M4/38H01M4/1315
CPCH01M4/366H01M4/364H01M4/388H01M4/505H01M4/523H01M4/1315H02J2007/0067H01M10/0562B60L7/10H02J7/007H01M2300/0065H01M10/054H01M4/136H01M4/13H01M4/131H01M4/485H01M4/525H01M4/582H01M4/5825H01M10/052H01M10/44H01M2010/4271H01M2220/20H01M2300/0068B60L2240/545B60L2240/547B60L2240/549H01M10/0525B60L58/12B60L50/64Y02E60/10Y02T10/70H01M10/441H01M4/58
Inventor HOLME, TIMHERMANN, WESTON ARTHUR
Owner QUANTUMSCAPE CORP
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