Combination of antimicrobial agents and bacterial interference to coat medical devices

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for coating a medical device comprising the steps of applying to at least a portion of the surface of said medical device, an antimicrobial coating layer and a non-pathogenic bacterial coating layer, wherein the antimicrobial and non-pathogenic bacterial coating layers inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacterial and fungal organisms. The non-pathogenic bacterium used in the bacterial coating layer is resistant to the antimicrobial agent. Furthermore, the non-pathogenic bacterium layer includes at least one of the following: viable whole cells, non-viable whole cells, or cellular structures or extracts. The antimicrobial agent and non-pathogenic bacterium are used to develop a kit comprising these compositions in one container or in separate containers. The kit is used to coat a catheter prior to implantation in a mammal.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of application Ser. No. 09 / 877,898 filed Jun. 8, 2001 which claims priority to Provisional Application No. 60 / 210,715, which was filed on Jun. 9, 2000.[0003] The present invention relates to a method of coating a medical device with an antimicrobial agent and a non-pathogenic bacterium which is resistant to the antimicrobial coating. Additionally, the invention relates to a kit that contains compositions of the antimicrobial agent and the non-pathogenic bacterium that are applied to the medical device before implantation in the mammal. Furthermore, this invention relates to a method for preventing a urinary tract infection comprising the use of an antimicrobial agent and a non-pathogenic bacterium.BACKGROUND OF INVENTION[0004] Indwelling vascular and urinary catheters are becoming essential in the management of hospitalized patients. Implanted orthopedic devices are also becoming more prevalent, partly to meet the needs of a growin...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Despite adherence to sterile guidelines for the insertion and maintenance of urinary catheters, catheter-associated UTI continues to pose a major problem.

Colonization of bacteria on the surfaces of the implant or other part of the device can produce serious patient problems, including the need to remove and / or replace the implanted device and to vigorously treat secondary infective conditions.

While the surface coated catheter does provide effective protection against bacteria initially, the effectiveness of the coating diminishes over time.

Over a period of time, the amount of antibiotics present on the surface decreases to a point where the protection against bacteria is no longer effective.

Prophylactic oral antibiotics may reduce the incidence of asymptomatic bacteruria in patients on clean intermittent catheterization but do not reduce that of symptomatic infection.

Furthermore, prolonged treatment with antimicrobial agents, creates drug resistant pathogens, breakthrough infections and disruption of the normal flora.

In addition to the increased risk of infection associated with the use of urinary catheters, these patients are subjected to an increase in medical expenses.

Thus, patients may need to schedule an appointment every 2-4 weeks to have the catheter replaced resulting in the expense of office visits and the cost of approximately 24 catheters per year.

Minimal media results in slow growth and low final cell densities.

Furthermore, a skilled artisan recognizes that the order of the application of the compositions (i.e., antimicrobial agent and non-pathogenic bacterium) is not relevant and can vary for any given application to a medical device.

In addition, the non-pathogenic bacterial coating layer further comprises non-viable whole cells or cellular structures or extracts of the non-pathogenic gram-positive bacterium.

The DNA lesions induced by such environmental agents may lead to modifications of base sequence when the affected DNA is replicated or repaired and thus to a mutation.

Adsorption of the incident energy leads to the formation of ions and free radicals, and breakage of some covalent bonds.

If the transposon becomes inserted in a gene, then it usually results in the inactivation of the gene.

In the freezing of formulations containing biological organisms, the formation of ice within leads to the organism's destruction by cell membrane rupture.

When solid concentrations of a formulation reach <2%, the resulting cake has poor structural qualities and leaves the container during the drying process.

Formation of ice during freezing results in dramatic changes in concentrations of the active ingredient and the excipient or excipients of the formulation.

In most formulations containing an active ingredient and an excipient, freezing greatly increases the concentration of the active ingredient and the excipient or excipients, but does not produce a well defined eutectic mixture.