Electrolyte for aluminum-air battery and aluminum-air battery

Abstract

The invention discloses an electrolyte for an aluminum-air battery and the aluminum-air battery, and the battery comprises an aluminum alloy negative electrode, an air positive electrode and the electrolyte. The aluminum alloy negative electrode contains the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 2.0-8.0% of Al, 0.02-0.08% of Pb, 0.05-0.1% of In, 0.01-0.1% of Ga, and 0.1-2.0% of Mg. According to the electrolyte for the aluminum-air battery and the aluminum-air battery, an electrolyte corrosion inhibitor is added into the electrolyte to promote precipitation of aluminum hydroxide, thereby avoiding the anode passivation caused by a condition that aluminum hydroxide is not discharged in time, and guaranteeing the normal work of the battery. The aluminum alloy negative electrode contains Al, Pb, In, Ga and Mg, so the open-circuit potential is obviously reduced, the self-corrosion is reduced, the electrode surface corrosion and dissolution are uniform, a passive film is not likelyto be formed in an alkaline medium, and anode polarization is reduced. Manganese dioxide is adopted in an air positive electrode to serve as a catalyst, so the price is low, and the good applicationprospect is achieved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum-air batteries, in particular to an electrolyte solution for an aluminum-air battery and an aluminum-air battery. Background technique [0002] Metal-air batteries are a new generation of green batteries, which have low manufacturing costs, high specific energy, recyclable raw materials, and superior performance. At present, metal-air batteries that have been studied more include zinc-air batteries, aluminum-air batteries, and lithium-air batteries. The closest one is zinc-air battery. In the potential series, aluminum is more active than zinc, and can obtain higher battery voltage. One aluminum atom can release three electrons, while one zinc atom can release two electrons. Aluminum can Improve the energy of the battery. In addition, aluminum reserves are abundant and the price is low, so the research progress of aluminum-air batteries is very rapid, and it is a promising air battery; [0003] A...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] Aluminum-air battery is a new type of battery with aluminum and air as the battery material. Aluminum has its unique advantages as the anode material of the air battery, and its electrochemical equivalent is high. The electrochemical equivalent of aluminum is 2980A·h / kg. The highest metal other than lithium, the electrode potential is low, and its standard electrode potential in alkaline solution is -2.35V (vs. SHE). For the anode material, the more negative the potential, the better, and the battery can provide a greater electromotive force. Aluminum The resource is abundant and the price is low. At present, compared with the zinc anode material, the aluminum anode material for air batteries has the primary problem that aluminum self-corrosion is very serious in alkaline solution, which greatly reduces the utilization rate of the anode and hinders the use of aluminum air. For the commercial application of batteries, researchers have developed new aluminum anode materials through microalloying, and adding corresponding electrolyte corrosion inhibitors can reduce the self-corrosion rate of aluminum. The alloying elements commonly used in aluminum-air battery anode materials are mainly Zinc, magnesium, gallium, indium, tin, lead, mercury, bismuth, etc., these elements are added to aluminum to form ternary, quaternary and other multi-element alloys

[0004] In the prior art: the patent application publication number CN 105140595 A discloses an electrolyte for an aluminum-air battery and an aluminum-air battery. The electrolyte corrosion inhibitor is an ethanol solution of lavender essential oil, wherein the volume percentage of lavender essential oil The content is 10% to 60%. The main components of lavender essential oil include linalool, linalyl acetate, eucalyptol, β-ocimene, terpene-4-ol and camphor. There are lone pairs of electrons in the group molecules contained in them. The oxygen atoms in the group are adsorbed on the metal surface by the lone pair of electrons to form an insoluble complex layer, which separates the metal surface from the aqueous solution and acts as a corrosion inhibitor. It is easy to form gel-like aluminum hydroxide during the electrolysis process. If it cannot be discharged in time, it will cause anode passivation, and the resistance will be too large, resulting in a drop in working voltage