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Process for the removal of arsenic and chromium from water

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-09-15
COUNCIL OF SCI & IND RES
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0032]Another objective of the present invention is to reduce the size of the zinc peroxide nanoparticles suitable for the removal of arsenic and Cr(III&VI) from the contaminated water Another object of the present invention is to provide a low cost, high yield and simple process for the removal of arsenic and Cr(III&VI) from the contaminated water by using nanoparticles of zinc peroxide.
[0034]Yet another object is to provide low cost ZnO2 nanoparticles capped with glycerol / PVP / TEA having size 20±5 nm for the removal of arsenic and chromium from the contaminated water.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Problems solved by technology

The reduction of arsenic and chromium from such high concentrations and made it potable as per WHO prescribe limit is a very challenging task.
But these materials and methods have their own advantages and disadvantages like, oxidation process is very simple and low cost but it is very slow and removes only a part of the arsenic, co-precipitation by alum or iron is again simple and low capital arrangement but it produces toxic sludge's and pre-oxidation is required to start the reaction.
Levels of chromium in drinking water have been controlled in the past by expensive, often toxic chemical based cleansing procedures.
But hexavalent chromium is very toxic to flora and fauna.
Hexavalent chromium is known for its negative health and environmental impact.
Exposure to hexavalent chromium causes diarrhoea, stomach and intestinal bleeding, cramps, paralysis and liver and kidney damage.
Chromium oxide is a strong oxidant and after dissolution it forms chromium acid, which corrodes the organs.
A professional illness in chromium industries is chromium sores upon skin contact with chromates. . Chromium trioxide dust uptake in the workplace may cause cancer, and damage the respiration tract.
Each of the resins requires different regenerate so that the process will require bulky equipment due to the requirement for separate sites for the regeneration of the two resins.

Method used

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  • Process for the removal of arsenic and chromium from water
  • Process for the removal of arsenic and chromium from water
  • Process for the removal of arsenic and chromium from water

Examples

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example 1

Methods for the preparation of ZnO2 nanoparticles using glycerol as surface modifier

[0072](i) 10 gm of zinc acetate was dissolved in 15 mL of ammonia solution and it was diluted to 200 ml of aqueous acetone (Water to solvent: 4:1). 2.5 gm of glycerol was added to the above solution mixture at pH 9.5 followed by adding 65 ml of hydrogen peroxide to obtain the nanoparticles of the zinc peroxide having average particle size distribution of 20±5 nm.

[0073](ii) 10 gm of zinc acetate was dissolved in 15 mL of ammonia solution and it was diluted to 200 ml of aqueous acetone (Water to solvent: 4:1). 5 gm of glycerol was added to the above solution mixture at pH 9.5 followed by adding 65 ml of hydrogen peroxide to obtain the nanoparticles of the zinc peroxide having average particle size distribution of 10±5 nm.

[0074](iii) 10 gm of zinc acetate was dissolved in 15 mL of ammonia solution and it was diluted to 200 ml of aqueous acetone (Water to solvent: 4:1). 0.5 gm of glycerol was added to th...

example 2

Preparation of ZnO2 nanoparticles using PVP as surface modifier

[0075](i) 10 gm of zinc acetate was dissolved in 15 mL of ammonia solution and it was diluted to 200 ml of aqueous methanol (Water to solvent: 4:1). 0.5 gm of PVP was added to the above solution mixture at pH 10, followed by adding 65 ml of hydrogen peroxide to obtain the nanoparticles of the zinc peroxide having average particle size distribution of 20±5 nm.

[0076](ii) 10 gm of zinc acetate was dissolved in 15 mL of ammonia solution and it was diluted to 200 ml of aqueous methanol (Water to solvent: 4:1). 1 gm of PVP was added to the above solution mixture at pH 10, followed by adding 65 ml of hydrogen peroxide to obtain the nanoparticles of the zinc peroxide having average particle size distribution of 10±5 nm.

[0077](iii) 10 gm of zinc acetate was dissolved in 15 mL of ammonia solution and it was diluted to 200 ml of aqueous methanol (Water to solvent: 4:1). 0.15 gm of PVP was added to the above solution mixture at pH 1...

example 3

Preparation of ZnO2 nanoparticles using TEA as surface modifier

[0078](i) 10 gm of zinc acetate was dissolved in 15 mL of ammonia solution and it was diluted to 200 ml of aqueous ethanol (Water to solvent: 4:1). 5gm of TEA was added to the above solution mixture at pH 11, followed by adding 65 ml of hydrogen peroxide to obtain the nanoparticles of the zinc peroxide having average particle size distribution of 20±5 nm.

[0079](ii) 10 gm of zinc acetate was dissolved in 15 mL of ammonia solution and it was diluted to 200 ml of aqueous ethanol (Water to solvent: 4:1). 10 gm of TEA was added to the above solution mixture at pH 11, followed by adding 65 ml of hydrogen peroxide to obtain the nanoparticles of the zinc peroxide having average particle size distribution of 10±5 nm.

[0080](iii) 10 gm of zinc acetate was dissolved in 15 mL of ammonia solution and it was diluted to 200 ml of aqueous ethanol (Water to solvent: 4:1). 1.5gm of TEA was added to the above solution mixture at pH 11, foll...

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Abstract

The present invention provides low cost and highly effective method for the removal of arsenic and Cr(III&VI) from contaminated water using zinc peroxide nanoparticles (20±5 nm) capped with glycerol / PVP / TEA upto the permissible range of drinking water. As Arsenic and chromium occurs naturally in the earth's crust. When rocks, minerals, and soil erode, they release arsenic and chromium into groundwater. Arsenic and chromium occurs naturally in varying amounts in groundwater in various parts of country from ppb level to ppm level. The average concentration of arsenic and chromium as per USEPA standard in drinking water it is 10 parts per billion and 0.05 ppm (50 ppb) respectively. In drinking water the level of chromium is usually low as well, but contaminated water may contain the dangerous Cr(III&VI). Although Cr(III) is an essential nutrient for humans and shortages may cause heart problems, disruptions of metabolisms and diabetes. But the uptake of too much Cr(III) can cause health effects as well, for instance skin rashes. Cr(VI) is known to cause various health effects Skin rashes, upset stomachs, respiratory problems, weakened immune systems, kidney and liver damage and lung cancer The persons who are drinking water having upto 50 ppb of arsenic and 0.05 ppm chromium over for many years could experience skin damage or problems with their circulatory system, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. Keeping the above facts we developed a cost effective nanoparticles for the removal of Arsenic and Cr(III&VI) from potable water upto potable range.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention relates to a process for the removal of arsenic and Chromium [Cr(III) & Cr(VI)] from contaminated water. Particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the removal of arsenic and chromium from contaminated water using nanoparticles of zinc peroxide (ZnO2) capped with glycerol / triethylamine (TEA) / poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the removal of arsenic and chromium from the contaminated water to a level that is suitable for safe drinking.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]Presence of arsenic (As) and chromium metal ions in drinking water has become the issue of global concern. Long-term exposure to even low concentrations of arsenic in the drinking water may cause skin, lung or prostrate cancer and cardiovascular, pulmonary, immunological and neurological disorder [Environment Health Criteria 224, Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds, Second edition, World Health Organ...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C02F1/62C02F1/28
CPCB82Y40/00C02F1/281C02F1/288C02F2101/103C02F2101/22B01J20/0244C02F2305/08B82Y30/00B01J20/3042B01J20/28007B01J20/3085C02F2103/06
Inventor SINGH, NAHARRASHMI,SINGH, SUKHVIRPASHRICHA, RENUGUPTA, PRABHAT KUMARSONI, DAYA
Owner COUNCIL OF SCI & IND RES
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