Smelting furnace and smelting method for recovering electrolyte from aluminum electrolysis carbon residues

Abstract

The invention discloses a smelting furnace for recovering electrolyte from aluminum electrolysis carbon residues. The smelting furnace is a vertical smelting furnace and comprises a feed port, a fluegas outlet, a furnace body, a combustion improver adding port, a fuel adding port, an electrolyte overflow port and an electrolyte collecting tank at the bottom, wherein the feed port and the flue gasoutlet are located at the top position, the furnace body is located at the middle position, and the combustion improver adding port, the fuel adding port and the electrolyte overflow port are locatednear the bottom; and the furnace body comprises a cryolite layer, a corrosion-resistant layer, a refractory material layer, a thermal insulation material layer and a steel plate from inside to outside. According to the smelting furnace for recovering the electrolyte from the aluminum electrolysis carbon residues, the carbon residues and hot gas flow make reverse contact in the smelting furnace, so that the reaction area is increased, and the processing efficiency is improved; the electrolyte contained in the carbon residues is melted by utilizing the calorific value of the carbon residues, and meanwhile, process parameters can be adjusted according to different components of the carbon residues, so that process control is convenient; and the high-melting-point cryolite protective layer isformed on the inner wall of the smelting furnace in the operation process, so that corrosion of reaction materials to a furnace body lining is reduced, and the service life of the smelting furnace isguaranteed.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and relates to a melting furnace and a melting method for recovering electrolyte from aluminum electrolysis carbon slag. Background technique [0002] The existing aluminum electrolysis technology uses alumina as a raw material, molten cryolite as a solvent, and carbon body as an anode, and electrolyzes in an electrolytic cell to obtain metal aluminum liquid. In the process of aluminum electrolysis, due to the influence of uneven combustion of carbon anode, selective oxidation, erosion and erosion of aluminum liquid and electrolyte, some carbon particles fall off from the anode and enter the molten salt electrolyte, forming carbon slag. [0003] The generation of carbon slag in the electrolytic cell has a great impact on the aluminum electrolysis process. In order to ensure the normal progress of the aluminum electrolytic production process, the carbon slag in the aluminum electroly...

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Problems solved by technology

Disadvantages of carbon slag flotation method: low electrolyte recovery rate; high carbon content (about 5%) in recovered electrolyte, which is not conducive to returning to aluminum electrolysis production; flotation wastewater contains fluoride ions, and wastewater treatment is required

Disadvantages of charcoal slag roasting method: long roasting time, low production efficiency, which is not conducive to large-scale treatment of charcoal slag; labor intensity is high, and the working environment is harsh

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