Rapid culture method for horizontal main stem of grape in northern buried culture area

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a rapid culture method for a horizontal main stem of grape in a northern buried culture area. The method comprises the following steps: 1) after planting a nursery stock, reserving a new tip as the main stem to cultivate and limiting growth other new tips; 2) when the main stem grows to 1.2-1.5 m, leading the main stemto a high level horizontal lead wire on an inner planting rack, wherein the growth direction is steadily transitioned from vertical growth to horizontal forward growth, and pinching all auxiliary tips; 3) matching the demand on fertilizer and water management in a growth season; 4) promoting maturation of branches after autumn and preventing early frost and delaying the leaf fall period; and 5) shearing long stem in winter and reserving the main stem and burying the main stem to pass the winter. According to the method, the main stem is cultured in a centralized manner, and the leaf fall period is delayed, so that nutrients return to branches and vines fully to overcome germinating barriers in the coming year. By shearing long stem in winter and reserving the main stem, 1-2 m of the main stem is commonly reserved for planting, and over 2 m of the main stem is reserved in the second year of planting, so that the effective utilization efficiency of the growth amount of a grape tree is improved greatly, the grape tree is formed quickly, and the tree vigor is comprehensively regulated and controlled easily.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular relates to a rapid cultivation method for horizontally long main vines of grapes in a soil-buried cultivation area in the north. Background technique [0002] In most of the northern regions where grapes are buried in soil, due to the dry and cold weather conditions in winter and spring, the heat preservation and moisture retention of grape branches and vines are particularly important. The cultivation habit of burying grape branches and vines in the soil for overwintering has been used for thousands of years. [0003] When the grape cultivation in the buried area in the north is shaped like a dragon stem, the management method of the main spreading long shoot of the grape vine is basically the same as that of other new shoots. When pruning in the dormant season before winter, the pruning of the extended shoot Most of the remaining length is only about 50-80 centimeters, so...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

If the extended shoots are extended during winter pruning, due to the dry and cold weather conditions in winter and spring, the long extended shoots often have serious germination obstacles after winter and spring, which will also limit the rapid growth of grapevines.

[0004] The commonly used grape vine shaping method in the buried area in the north has the following defects: (1) The tree body is formed too slowly, and the fruiting period for entering a stable tree body structure is longer; (2) The number of bud eyes left after pruning or Too few or too concentrated in the middle and rear, the density of branches and leaves in summer is too high, the permeability of the shelf surface is poor, and the pressure on the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests on branches, leaves and fruits is relatively high; The number of points is relatively small, and the auxiliary shoots of grapes grow repeatedly, resulting in a large amount of labor to clean the auxiliary shoots on the shelf surface, and the labor cost is relatively high; (4) The growth and utilization efficiency of grape branches is low, and the characteristics of grape vines and summer The concentrated high heat makes the accumulative annual growth of new auxiliary shoots of vines in most of the buried cultivation areas in northern China be tens of meters or even more than a hundred meters. It is removed as unnecessary auxiliary shoots, and the amount of branches left in winter pruning is also low. The branches that could be used for the next year's fruiting are cut off excessively, and the utilization rate is low.

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