A Reconstruction Method of Ecological Agriculture in Coal Mining Subsidence and Waterlogging Area

Abstract

A method for ecological agriculture reconstruction of a coal mining subsidence waterlogged area is suitable for ecological system restoration and agricultural planting and breeding structure reconstruction of a mineral product mining subsidence waterlogged area. The method includes the steps that the coal mining subsidence waterlogged area is divided into a flat ground area, a slope area and a subsidence waterlogged area water-containing area; accumulated water is detected, transformation is directly carried out when the accumulated water meets the agricultural water quality standard, and planning is carried out to make the water qualified when the detection result does not meet the agricultural water quality standard; a water storage area water level balance system is constructed, filling reclamation is carried out in the range of the flat ground area, wetland is transformed, soil improvement is carried out to make the wetland become cultivated land, and a movable greenhouse is built; the slope area is divided into three parts for planting arbors, shrubs and forage grass; aquatic vegetables are planted in a shallow water area, and aquatic organisms are bred in a deep water area. Through ecological agriculture reconstruction of the coal mining subsidence waterlogged area, the utilization rate of water and soil of the subsidence area is increased, a complete subsidence area ecological system is constructed, and the method is suitable for ecological environment restoration and control over various coal mining subsidence waterlogged areas in the East of China.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention mainly relates to a method for reconstructing ecological agriculture in the coal mining subsidence water accumulation area, which is suitable for the comprehensive management of the ecological environment in the eastern coal mining subsidence water accumulation area. Background technique [0002] Coal mining subsidence water accumulation area is a typical geological disaster caused by mining subsidence in the eastern high water level mining area. The eastern mining area generally has the characteristics of large reserves, multiple coal seams, high phreatic water level, and superimposed subsidence of the surface. Mining has caused the loss of a large amount of land resources on the surface, the destruction of the original cultivated land, and the formation of large-scale subsidence pits on the surface. Due to the comprehensive impact, water accumulated in the subsidence pit all the year round, and after decades of repeated mining, surface ...

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Problems solved by technology

On the one hand, in order to ensure the construction of the national economy, while a large amount of coal resources are being extracted, coal mining subsidence has caused a large amount of cultivated land and villages to be lost. Taking the Lianghuai mining area as an example, by the end of 2015, the area of ​​the subsidence area that had formed reached 508km 2 , and at 20km 2 The speed per year is increasing, and at the same time, due to the comprehensive influence of high water level and surface precipitation, a large number of water areas are formed in the subsidence area, and the original terrestrial ecosystem undergoes subversive changes, transforming into an aquatic ecosystem and a water-terrestrial composite ecosystem, and dynamic subsidence forms The service function of the ecological system is low, leading to the deterioration of the ecological environment, a large number of land in the subsidence area is abandoned, and social problems are prominent, which seriously affects the sustainable development of the subsidence area; on the other hand, solid waste such as coal gangue and fly ash produced by coal mining contains A large amount of harmful heavy metal elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, copper, zinc, and cadmium migrate and diffuse through surface runoff, soil infiltration, and atmospheric dust, and enter subsidence areas, causing secondary environmental pollution, leading to loss of soil nutrients, and serious eutrophication of water bodies

[0003] The following two methods are generally adopted for land reclamation and ecological environment management in conventional subsidence areas: one is to adopt the traditional land reclamation model of "excavating topsoil-deep filling-surfacing soil", which has the disadvantages of high cost and complicated process , The reclamation cycle is long, the surface soil in the reclamation area is compacted, barren, and heavy metal pollution is serious; one is to carry out aquaculture and artificial wetland construction in the waterlogged area, and its disadvantage is that the biological structure is single, and it is difficult to form a reasonable biological structure. Over-cultivation in waterlogged areas has resulted in serious water eutrophication, and the cost of aquaculture is high, making it difficult to form an effective and reasonable ecosystem

The above two methods did not consider the use of slope land at the edge of the subsidence area, resulting in the abandonment of a large number of slope land

[0004] Aiming at the technical problems in the existing technology that cannot solve the comprehensive ecological environment management of flat land, slope land, and water accumulation areas in subsidence areas, no effective solutions have been proposed so far

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