Laser cladding quick precision manufacturing method and device based on laser milling

Abstract

The invention discloses a laser cladding quick precision manufacturing method and device based on laser milling. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) a 3D part model is made, a control computer performs pretreatment to obtain the geometrical information of each section of the part; (2) a light beam and a powder beam are sprayed to the surface of a base material through an internal laser coaxial powder-feeding nozzle to form a cladding layer, and laser cladding is performed; (3) a charge-coupled-device (CCD) collects a digital image in a processing area, and the digital image is transmitted to a part appearance detection system of the control computer so as to measure the height and section size of the part in real time; and (4) the part appearance detection system compares the collected information with the pretreated information; and if the size of the cladding layer exceeds the expectation, the laser and powder-feeding device are closed, the control computer controls a laser milling mechanism to mill the excess part of the cladding layer and finish quick manufacturing of laser cladding. By adopting the method, the manufacturing speed of laser cladding can be increased, the manufacturing flow can be shortened and the manufacturing accuracy is relatively high.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a laser cladding manufacturing, in particular to a laser milling-based rapid and precise manufacturing method and device for laser cladding. Background technique [0002] Laser cladding manufacturing refers to the direct molding of metal parts by laser processing. This technology uses medium and high-power lasers to melt the metal powder supplied synchronously, and accumulates layer by layer on the deposition substrate to form metal parts. This technology breaks through the concept of removing molding by traditional processing methods, and uses the method of adding materials to form parts without material waste; the materials that can be processed are very wide, especially suitable for materials that are difficult to form by traditional methods; the gap between the tool and the workpiece during forming There is no interference, and the geometric shape of the parts is almost unlimited; no molds are required during molding, which...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] Existing laser cladding molding parts generally adopt unsupported molding technology. Due to the lack of supporting conditions, most of the molded parts are straight walls or parts with small inclinations. Parts with complex shapes with large side slopes or overhang angles may flow due to gravity Even collapse, followed by laser cladding manufacturing as a layered additive manufacturing process, the shape of each cladding layer is determined by multiple processes such as laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding speed, beam diameter, melting channel and interlayer overlap rate. The parameters are jointly determined. The instability of any factor or the possible disturbance during the lamination cycle will cause unevenness and dross in the cladding layer. If these unevenness and dross are not disposed of in a timely and effective manner, it will easily lead to Uncontrollable conditions in the manufacturing process lead to difficulties in final molding

[0004] In order to ensure that the laser cladding manufacturing process can continue and achieve the size and surface accuracy required for industrial applications, some technicians use the closed-loop control system to detect the height of the parts online, and adjust the laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding speed and other processes of the mechanism. parameters in order to eliminate the unevenness and slag that appear during the part forming process, but due to the inevitable lag of the control system, the processing purpose cannot be fully realized

There are also some technicians who finish the parts during the forming process and after the forming is completed. However, the surface hardness of the directly formed metal parts increases due to rapid cooling and solidification, which makes post-processing very difficult, and parts with complex shapes sometimes require Fixtures cooperate with multiple clamping, resulting in longer processing time, even accounting for more than 60% of the entire manufacturing cycle, which greatly limits the development of laser cladding manufacturing parts with short processes, rapid manufacturing, and high precision

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