Methods and devices are disclosed for detecting vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque, or plaque at risk of reducing
blood flow in a vessel, by identifying a region of elevated temperature along a living vessel wall. The disclosure that human atherosclerotic plaque with measurable temperature heterogeneity has the morphological characteristics of plaque that is likely to ulcerate provides a new and sensitive technique for detecting and treating these dangerous plaques before
myocardial infarction and its consequences occur. The disclosed methods are advantageous over conventional plaque detection techniques because they are capable of differentiating between those plaques that are at great risk of rupture,
fissure, or ulceration, and consequent
thrombosis and
occlusion of the
artery, and those that are not presently at risk.
Infrared heat-sensing catheters useful for identifying potentially fatal arterial plaques in patients with
disease of the coronary or other arteries are also described. In some embodiments a coherent
infrared fiber optic bundle is employed to radially and longitudinally explore a luminal wall to identify inflamed, heat-producing, atherosclerotic plaque. Certain other methods and devices are disclosed which are particularly suited for non-invasively identifying and then monitoring the progression or amelioration of an inflamed plaque in a patient, and for monitoring for onset of
inflammation in an implanted arteriovenous graft. Also disclosed are
thermocouple basket catheters and
thermistor basket catheters which are also capable of detecting temperature heterogeneity along a vessel wall.