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High fluorescent intensity cross-linked allophycocyanin

a cross-linked, allophycocyanin technology, applied in the field of cross-linked allophycocyanin, can solve the problems of native apc dissociation into monomers and native apc incompatibility, and achieve the effect of improving time-resolved fluorescent energy transfer

Inactive Publication Date: 2007-08-14
COLUMBIA BIOSCI
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  • Abstract
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  • Claims
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AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0009]The present invention provides an improved method for quantitating an analyte by measuring fluorescence emission from a fluorescent label specifically associated with the analyte. The improvement comprises binding the analyte directly or indirectly to a cross-linked allophycocyanin molecule, where the cross-linked allophycocyanin has not been exposed to strongly chaotropic materials after cross-linking and preferably where uncross-linked monomeric subunits have not been removed from the chemically stabilized allophycocyanin preparation.
[0010]In particular embodiments, the invention provides an improved method for quantitating an analyte by measuring time resolved fluorescence of a label quantitatively associated with the analyte. Specifically, this method comprises measuring energy absorbed by donor compounds having the ability to absorb light energy and then transferred to cross-linked allophycocyanin by detecting allophycocyanin fluorescence in a time-resolved manner, and the improvement lies in using cross-linked allophycocyanin which has not been exposed to strongly chaotropic agents after cross-linking. In prefered embodiments, the donor molecule comprises a metal, more preferably a lanthanide series metal. Suitable metals include europium or ruthenium, which may be chelated or in a cryptate.
[0011]This invention also provides a method for performing a specific binding assay comprising (1) contacting a sample comprising an analyte with a specific binding partner; and (2) determining the amount of the analyte present in the sample by means of its ability to specifically bind to the specific binding partner, where a component of the assay is detectably labeled with a signal-generating system comprising intramolecularly cross-linked allophycocyanin. The detectably labeled assay component may be selected from the group consisting of: the specific binding partner and reagent molecules having the same binding specificity as the analyte. One of the intramolecularly cross-linked allophycocyanin preparations of this invention (herein referred to as SL-APC) has at

Problems solved by technology

Unfortunately, native APC dissociates into monomers under most assay conditions (e.g., low protein and buffer concentrations).
Dissociation makes the native APC incompatible for assay conditions commonly used for flow cytometry, microplate assays and high throughput screening (HTS) applications.

Method used

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  • High fluorescent intensity cross-linked allophycocyanin
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Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

Production of High Fluorescent Intensity, Stabilized Allophycocyanin Label

[0046]Native allophycocyanin (APC) may be extracted from red or blue-green algae and purified by standard methods. Brejc et al., 1995 J. Mol. Biol. 249, 424–440. The purified material is stored as an ammonium sulfate precipitate. Native APC is dialyzed from its ammonium sulfate precipitate form into 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) that contains no azide at 4° C. This should be done exhastively. The dialyzed APC is diluted to 1.5 mg / mL in 50 mM sodium phosphate. EDAC (1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride) is added as powder up to 35 mM, and allowed to react for 4 hours at room temperature. The reaction is quenched by mixing with 100 mM glycylglycine until it is dissolved, and the mixture is allowed to react at room temperature or in the cold for at least one hour. This is then qualitatively assayed to determine the degree of cross-linking achieved by diluting the cross-linked APC i...

example 2

Dissociation at Low Pigment Concentration

[0049]A major limitation to APC use in specific binding assays is its poor stability under pigment concentrations useful for these binding assays. Native APC broke down when stored at room temperature at a pigment concentration of 500 ng / mL (FIG. 1A). This decay occurred more rapidly than the two hour time point presented (data now shown). APC instability was manifested as a decrease in maximal fluorescence emission intensity and a shift in the fluorescence emission maximum by about 18 nm to the blue.

[0050]SL-APC and XL-APC were chemically stabilized to prevent dissociation at the low pigment concentrations normally encountered in a biological assay (Ong & Glazer, 1985). Storage at 500 ng / mL for 2 h at room temperature had little effect on their fluorescence emission spectra in either the absolute peak height or emission maximum (FIGS. 1B and 1C). This increased stability gives the cross-linked APCs the ability to be used in applications for ...

example 4

Fluorescense Stability in Sodium Perchlorate

[0052]One commonly used measure of the stability of cross-linked APC is its response to the application of a chaotrophic salt (Ong & Glazer, 1985; MacColl, et al., 1987 Phycobiliproteins, CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton). Chaotropic salts dissociate native phycobiliproteins into their constituent subunits. Cross-linking of APC provides protection against such chaotrophic salt dissociation. As demonstrated in Table 1, when treated with sodium perchlorate, this chaotrophic salt causes native APC to loose 50% of its fluorescence emission intensity while undergoing about an 18 nm shift to the blue in fluorescence emission (to 642 nm). Both XL-APC and SL-APC maintain their original fluorescence emission maximum while maintaining 92 and 89% of their emission intensity, respectively.

[0053]

TABLE 1Effect of chaotropic salt treatment on fluorescence intensityof SL-APC, XL-APC and Native APC at 10 μg / mL. Treated with 1M Sodium Perchlorate, 50 mM Tris-HCl ...

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Abstract

In a method for quantitating an analyte by measuring time resolved transfer of fluorescence energy to or from a label quantitatively associated with the analyte, the present invention provides an improvement comprising measuring the energy transferred from donor compounds having the ability to absorb light energy and then transfer this energy to cross-linked allophycocyanin in a time-resolved manner, where the cross-linked allophycocyanin used according to this invention has not been exposed to strongly chaotropic agents after cross-linking.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]The present application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 211,978 filed Jun. 16, 2000, entitled “High Fluorescent Intensity Cross-Linked Allophycocyanin.” The disclosure of this application is incorporated, by reference, in its entirety.BACKGROUND[0002]1. Field of the Invention[0003]This invention relates to cross-linked allophycocyanin, its production and its use in fluorescent assays of various formats.[0004]2. Related Art[0005]Allophycocyanin (APC) is a fluorescent light harvesting protein unique to cyanobacteria and red algae and a member of the phycobiliprotein family of direct fluorescent dyes. APC is excited in the low 600 nm's (650 nm maximum) and emits with a maximum intensity at 660 nm. APC has become more common as a fluorescent label in flow cytometry because of the emergence of multi-laser instrumentation for multi-color detection (e.g., with Helium / Neon laser excitation) and production of tandem...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): G01N21/76G01N33/533G01N33/542G01N33/58
CPCG01N33/533G01N33/542G01N33/582
Inventor MORSEMAN, JOHN PETERMOSS, MARK WESLEYALLNUTT, F. C. THOMAS
Owner COLUMBIA BIOSCI
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