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In vitro methods of differentiating stem cells into neurons and neurons generated using the same

a technology of stem cells and neurons, which is applied in the field of in vitro methods of differentiating stem cells into neurons and neurons generated using the same, can solve the problems of limiting the ability to examine the therapeutic potential of v2a and the lack of robust sources of human v2a interneurons

Active Publication Date: 2020-10-08
RGT UNIV OF CALIFORNIA +2
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The patent provides methods for creating spinal cord neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. These methods involve culturing the stem cells in a special medium with certain chemicals that activate signaling pathways, resulting in the generation of a specific type of neuron. This technique helps to better understand the development of the spinal cord and may also have potential applications in regenerative medicine.

Problems solved by technology

However, the lack of a robust source of human V2a interneurons limits molecular profiling and the ability to examine the therapeutic potential of V2a interneurons following injury to the central nervous system.

Method used

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  • In vitro methods of differentiating stem cells into neurons and neurons generated using the same
  • In vitro methods of differentiating stem cells into neurons and neurons generated using the same
  • In vitro methods of differentiating stem cells into neurons and neurons generated using the same

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example 1

Human PSC-Derived V2a Interneuron Differentiation is Dependent on Retinoic Acid, Sonic Hedgehog and Inhibition of Notch Signaling

[0195]To differentiate V2a interneurons from human PSCs (hPSCs), the concentrations of morphogens and signaling pathways implicated in V2a commitment (RA, Shh, and Notch inhibitor, DAPT) were sequentially varied and the percentages of CHX10+ differentiated from hPSCs at day 17 were examined. RA concentration of 100 nM starting at day 5 with fixed concentrations of the Shh agonist, purmorphamine, (pur, 1 μM) and DAPT (5 μM) (both beginning on day 7) resulted in a CHX10+ population at day 17 (˜6%, FIG. 1C). Similarly, 100 nM of pur treatment beginning at day 7 with 100 nM RA and 5 μM DAPT concentrations resulted in ˜30% Chx10+ cells after 17 days of differentiation (FIG. 1D). Furthermore, DAPT concentration was varied beginning on day 7 with fixed RA and pur concentrations (100 nM each) and 1 μm and 5 μM DAPT resulted in comparable CHX10+ populations (˜15%; ...

example 2

Specificity of V2a Differentiation

[0199]Gene expression analysis throughout the first 17 days of differentiation was performed to characterize the temporal changes of the V2a interneuron cell population (FIG. 3A). The expression of the pluripotency gene POU5F1 expression decreased by day 3 and remained down-regulated through day 17. Early neural markers expressed during neural tube development increased by day 7 (PAX6 and NES (Nestin)). Other markers of spinal cell types expressed in the ventral neural tube (GATA3, OLIG2, HB9, and SIM1) began as early as day 3 and continued to increase expression throughout the differentiation. Expression of markers for the p2 domain (FOXN4) and committed V2a interneurons (CHX10 and SOX14) began on day 10 and were highly upregulated by day 15. It appeared that neuronal genes (NEFL (NF), TUBB3 (βIII tubulin)) were more highly expressed (˜70 fold and ˜10 fold respectively) than any glial (PDFGRA, CSPG4, SOX10, and GFAP) or retinal cell types (THY1, IR...

example 3

Single-Cell RNAseq Analysis

[0204]Single-cell RNAseq analysis was performed to define the cellular composition of the heterogeneous cultures obtained from the above experiments. Seven distinct clusters of cells (designated A-G) were identified by k-means clustering using 12 principal components (FIG. 10A) with 77% of CHX10+ cells contained within cluster B (FIG. 10B). The top globally differentially expressed genes were used to distinguish the general phenotypes of the seven clusters that defined the total population (FIG. 10C and Table 3 (below)). Gene ontology (GO) analysis and individual inspection of the top differentially expressed genes (FIGS. 11-13) suggested that clusters A and B were committed neurons [neuralfilament medium polypeptide (NEFM) and NSG1], cluster C was glial cells (PLP1 and TTHY1), clusters D and E were neuron progenitors (NEUROD1), cluster F contained mitotically active neuronal cells (FOXN4, PTTG1, and UBE2C), and cluster G consisted of mesenchymal / muscle ce...

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Abstract

Methods of generating spinal cord glutamatergic interneurons (V2a interneurons) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are provided. A method of the present disclosure may include culturing a first population of hPSCs in vitro in a neural induction medium that includes: a retinoic acid signaling pathway activator; a sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway activator; and a Notch signaling pathway inhibitor, wherein the culturing results in generation of a second population of cultured cells containing CHX10+ V2a interneurons. Also provided are non-human animal models that include the hPSC-derived spinal cord glutamatergic interneurons, and methods of producing the non-human animal models.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE[0001]This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 343,747, filed May 31, 2016, which application is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.INTRODUCTION[0002]The spinal cord includes multiple neuronal species that are important in the context of motor control and arise from distinct progenitor domains in the neural tube during development. Excitatory V2a interneurons, in particular, are an important component of central pattern generators because of their contribution to locomotion and respiratory activity. However, the lack of a robust source of human V2a interneurons limits molecular profiling and the ability to examine the therapeutic potential of V2a interneurons following injury to the central nervous system.SUMMARY[0003]Methods of generating spinal cord glutamatergic interneurons (V2a interneurons) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are provided. A method of the present disclosure may include culturing a firs...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C12N5/0793A01K67/027
CPCC12N2506/45A01K67/027C12N2501/415C12N2501/13C12N2501/15C12N2501/385A01K2207/12C12N5/0619C12N2506/02A01K2227/105C12N2501/42A01K2267/03C12N2533/90C12N2501/734C12N2501/41C12N2501/105C12N2500/38C12N2501/727C12N2501/999A61K35/30
Inventor BUTTS, JESSICAMCDEVITT, TODD C.
Owner RGT UNIV OF CALIFORNIA
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