In situ sterilization and decontamination system using a non-thermal plasma discharge

Abstract

A sterilization and decontamination system in which a non-thermal plasma discharge device is disposed upstream of a suspension media (e.g., a filter, electrostatic precipitator, carbon bed). The plasma discharge device generates a plasma that is emitted through apertures (e.g., capillaries or slits) in the primary dielectric. Plasma generated active sterilizing species when exposed to contaminants or undesirable particulate matter is able to deactivate or reduce such matter in contaminated fluid stream and / or on objects. Thus, the undesirable contaminants in the fluid to be treated are first reduced during their exposure to the plasma generated active sterilizing species in the plasma region of the discharge device. Furthermore, the plasma generated active sterilizing species are carried downstream to suspension media and upon contact therewith deactivate the contaminants collected on the suspension media itself. Advantageously, the suspension media may be cleansed in situ. To increase the sterilization efficiency an additive, free or carrier gas (e.g., alcohol, water, dry air) may be injected into the apertures defined in the primary dielectric. These additives increase the concentration of plasma generated active sterilizing agents while reducing the byproduct of generated undesirable ozone pollutants. Downstream of the filter the fluid stream may be further treated by being exposed to a catalyst media or additional suspension media to further reduce the amount of undesirable particulate matter.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application (a) is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09 / 738,923, filed on Dec. 15, 2000, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60 / 171,198, filed on Dec. 15, 1999, and 60 / 171,324 filed on Dec. 21, 1999; and (b) claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 60 / 336,866, filed on Nov. 2, 2001, and 60 / 336,868, filed on Nov. 2, 2001. All applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] The present invention is directed to a method and system for sterilization of air streams and decontamination of objects / surfaces and, in particular, to such a method and system using a non-thermal plasma discharge device or generator. [0004] 2. Description of Related Art [0005] Suspension media (e.g., filters, carbon beds, electrostatic precipitators) used in air handling equipment for ventilation purposes captu...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0007] The present inventive process and system for sterilization and decontamination in accordance with the present invention enhances sterilization efficiency while reducing health and environmental hazards by employing biologically active yet relatively short living sterilizing species produced as a byproduct during the generation of non-thermal plasma, preferably in the presence of organics and oxygen.

[0008] Specifically, the present invention is directed to a method of sterilization of fluids and decontamination of objects such as suspension media, food products, ventilation ducts and medical instruments. Active sterilizing species of living byproducts of non-thermal plasma-chemical reactions having a relatively short life (e.g, milliseconds or seconds) are generated. Due to the relatively short lifetime of the active sterilizing species their sterilization capabilities are greatest while in the vicinity of the non-thermal plasma discharge device. At the same time, due to its short lifetime the active sterilization species decompose rapidly into benign non-hazardous byproducts. This decomposition characteristic is particularly useful in situations where sterilization must be realized with minimal health and environmental hazards. To further enhance the sterilization efficiency rate an additive, carrier or free fluid such as various organic compounds (typically air) may be injected through the electrodes (or directly) into the plasma discharge apparatus. The introduction of an additive, carrier or free liquid into the plasma discharge apparatus increases production of active sterilizing species that are carried with the fluid flow and thus is able to be directed, as desired, to particular regions or areas of an object to be sterilized or decontaminated.

[0010] Circulation of a carrier gas (typically air) advantageously provides efficient transport of the active sterilizing species to the desired contaminated regions or areas of the suspension media to be treated. As soon as power to the plasma discharge device is turned off, the active sterilizing species ceases to be generated and the objects may be immediately removed from the chamber without further delay.

[0012] Employment of ethanol / air or other organic vapor / air mixture as an additive, carrier or free fluid to be passed through the electrode into the discharge zone increases the generation of active sterilizing species that deactivate pathogens by promoting the replacement of a hydrogen atom in bacterial DNAs by an alkyl group (CnH2n+1). Alkylation is believed to be one mechanism by which ethylene oxide (one of the common sterilizing agents) deactivates pathogens. It is likely that alkylation is a primary mechanism of sterilization in the oxygen / organic plasma afterglow.

Problems solved by technology

Over a period of use, undesirable contaminants become trapped and collect in the suspension media thereby degrading its performance and becoming a concentrated source of bio-hazards for a ventilation system.

Either of these conventional methods for disposal of the contaminants involve a high potential that some of the captured spores, pathogens, and other undesirable particulate matter may be released into the atmosphere.

This is particularly important in hazardous areas such as hospitals, laboratories, operating rooms that are exposed to extremely hazardous pathogens (e.g., tuberculosis, small pox, anthrax) or other contaminants in which minimal concentrations can generate considerable deleterious health consequences if released through a ventilation system.

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