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Alkaline zinc-nickel alloy plating compositions, processes and articles therefrom

a zinc-nickel alloy and composition technology, applied in the field of aqueous zinc-nickel electroplating bath, can solve the problems of ineffective brightening of compounds, and achieve the effects of increasing brightness, ductility, strength and nickel conten

Inactive Publication Date: 2006-09-14
OPASKAR VINCENT C +1
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present invention is related to an aqueous zinc-nickel electroplating bath and a process for electroplating a zinc-nickel alloy on a substrate. The invention includes a non-ionogenic surface active polyoxyalkylene compound which results in a smooth, adherent, ductile, leveling, and fine-grained coating. The use of this compound increases the efficiency of the electroplating process and makes the alloy more flexible for use in applications where bending of the plated object is required. The invention solves a long-felt need in the art and provides a more effective and efficient method for electroplating zinc-nickel alloys.

Problems solved by technology

Non-ionogenic, surface active polyoxyalkylene compounds have been used in acidic zinc-nickel baths, but it has been common knowledge in the art for many years that non-ionogenic, surface active polyoxyalkylene compounds are not effective brightening, leveling or ductilizing agents in alkaline electroplating baths for depositing zinc-nickel alloys having desirable characteristics.

Method used

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  • Alkaline zinc-nickel alloy plating compositions, processes and articles therefrom
  • Alkaline zinc-nickel alloy plating compositions, processes and articles therefrom
  • Alkaline zinc-nickel alloy plating compositions, processes and articles therefrom

Examples

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examples

[0091] The following examples illustrate the aqueous alkaline plating baths of the invention. The amounts of the components in the following examples are in grams / liter. Unless otherwise indicated in the specification and claims, all parts and percentages are by weight, temperatures are in degrees centigrade, and pressures are at or near atmospheric pressure. In the following examples, the source of zinc ions is zinc oxide in caustic soda, and the source of nickel ions is nickel sulfate.

Electrolytes:

[0092] In the examples, five different alkaline electrolytes and two acid electrolytes are prepared. These electrolytes are used with various combinations of grain refiners in accordance with the invention, or without such grain refiners or in the acid electrolytes, in comparative examples.

Electrolyte one (E1):ZnO0.154mol / dm3Triethanolamine0.035mol / dm3Tetraethylenepentamine0.099mol / dm3Nickel ion from nickel sulfate0.026mol / dm3Quadrol0.04mol / dm3NaOH3.0mol / dm3Electrolyte two (E2):ZnO0...

example auxiliary

Brightening Agents

[0094] In some of the Examples, one or more of the following auxiliary brightening agents were added. However, there are a large variety of such compounds, and those included in these Examples are exemplary and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Those of ordinary skill in the art can identify suitable auxiliary brighteners in addition to those listed below and those identified elsewhere in the application.

Brighteningagent codeClassBrightening AgentBA1Polymeric aminesCondensation productof piperazine,guanidine, formalin, andepichlorohydrinBA2Polymeric aminePolyethylene imineBA3Aromatic pyridiniumPyridinium propyl sulfonatecompoundBA4Aromatic pyridiniumN-benzyl-3-carboxy pyridiniumcompoundchlorideBA5Aromatic pyridiniumTrigonellinecompoundBA6Acetylenic compoundGolpanol PSBA7Acetylenic compoundPropargylalcoholBA8Acetylenic compoundEthleneglycolpropargylalcoholether

examples 1-34

[0095] The following table provides examples of the present invention and of several comparative examples. In the table, the following headings have the following meanings:

[0096]“E'lyte” is the electrolyte used, selected from E1-E8 as defined above.

[0097]“% E” is the percent elongation, may also be referred to as “bendability” and is determined by use of a cylindrical mandrel test (e.g., ISO 8401, paragraph 4.4).

[0098]“D. of comp. Decoh.” is the diameter of a cylindrical mandrel at which a sample bent around the mandrel forms cracks observable by use of a 10× magnifying loop, as a result of compressive decohesion, as described above.

[0099]“Throwing power” is determined by use of a Haring Blum cell, in which two cathodic panels are simultaneously plated using a single anode. The two cathodic panels are set at different lengths or distances from the anode. The % throwing power is determined from the equation % TP=100 (L-R) / L, where L is the far-to-near cathode distance ratio and R...

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for electroplating a zinc-nickel alloy on a substrate, including electroplating the substrate in an aqueous zinc-nickel electroplating bath, including water; nickel ion; zinc ion; at least one complexing agent; and at least one non-ionogenic, surface active polyoxyalkylene compound, wherein the bath has an alkaline pH. In one embodiment, the zinc ion, the nickel ion and the non-ionogenic surface active polyoxyalkylene compound are present at concentrations sufficient to deposit a zinc-nickel alloy comprising a substantially gamma phase.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] The present application is a continuation of and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 to copending U.S. application Ser. No. 10 / 742,265, filed 19 Dec. 2003, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] For many years, attempts have been made and processes have been employed for electroplating a bright, level zinc-nickel alloy on a substrate such as a metal. Most of the processes employed commercially have employed acid baths. Some of the processes have employed alkaline baths. A great variety of additives have been used to enhance the brightness, levelness, ductility, strength and nickel content of the deposited zinc-nickel alloys. Non-ionogenic, surface active polyoxyalkylene compounds have been used in acidic zinc-nickel baths, but it has been common knowledge in the art for many years that non-ionogenic, surface active polyoxyalkylene compounds are not effective brightening, leveling or...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C25D3/56
CPCC25D3/565
Inventor OPASKAR, VINCENT C.BISHOP, CRAIG V.
Owner OPASKAR VINCENT C
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