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Pesticidal and antiparasitic compositions

Inactive Publication Date: 2004-04-15
CENT DE ING GENETICA & BIOTECNOLOGIA
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Such compounds can be highly effective; however, many of them pose a great danger on the environment.
In some cases the regulating authorities have limited the amount or frequency, or both in the use of such compounds, thus compromising their nematicidal effectiveness.
Nematode control still falls short.
The use of chemical nematicides is restricted each day more and more, because they have highly toxic and widespread action compounds.
However, preparation of P. penetrans spores at industrial scale faces the problem that the organism is an obligated parasite; hence it must be grown in in situ nematodes, isolated from nematode infested root digests.
The above-mentioned instances fail to solve all parasitic helminth problems.
Trematodes cause considerable economic damage to animal production and human health.
Zoohelminths have become significant pests to sheep and cattle.
Like many other important sheep producing countries, South Africa undergoes a big crisis in terms of antihelminthic resistance, especially in gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and goat.
Significant parasitic helminthes are involved in this phenomenon; however, this causes a particular problem with abomasum hematophage parasite Haemonchus contortus.
Resistance increase has become serious, since it has been experienced in other areas as well.
The Veterinary Quarterly, Vol 10, No. 3), but success is at the expense of new strains resistant to the drugs, which make further infested animal treatment harder.
The high cost of these products is a restrictive factor to the countries with a large number of resources, and harmful ecological effects are produced with the use of these formulations.
The international problem of anthelmintic resistance is compounded by the fact that, while chemotherapy continues to be the cornerstone of parasite control, there seems little hope that any novel, chemically unrelated anthelmintics will be forthcoming for at least the next decade (Soll, M. D. 1997.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

In Vitro Evaluation of the Nematicidal Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide from Chemical Sources and a Chitinolytic Enzyme.

[0040] Eggs from zoonematodes Haemonchus spp and Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Dictyocaulus viviparus were used, as well as parasitic phytonematode larvae (juveniles 2) from Melodoigyne incognita.

[0041] Collections of Haemonchus spp and Trichostrongylus colubriformis nematodes were made from ovine (sheep) and bovine (cattle) abomasa, respectively. The adult female nematodes were washed in a physiological solution and treated with "Hibitane" (Chlorhexidine Acetate) at 0.5%, for 1 minute, the process developed at 37.degree. C. Approximately 100 previously disinfected individuals were introduced into an Erlenmeyer containing 50 ml of LB medium solution, diluted 10 times in distilled sterile water, and were left laying their eggs overnight (8-10 hours).

[0042] Collections of D. viviparous nematode were made from the infested lung of a bovine (cattle), previously sacrific...

example 2

Greenhouse Evaluation of the Nematicidal Effect of a Chitinolytic-Activity Inducing Agent (Chitin) and a Hydrogen Sulfide-Producing Agent (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans subps. desulfuricans ATCC 29577 Isolated from the Soil).

[0065] Brown soil with neutral pH was selected: it was dried and sieved with a 0.5 cm net to remove the undesirable particles. It was sterilized in a vertical autoclave for 1 hour at 120.degree. C. and 1 atmosphere (Sambrook J., Fritsch E. F. and Maniatis T. 1989. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 2nd. Ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., USA). It was dried at room temperature for 3-4 days to later make the foreseen mixtures in the treatments with river sand, soil worm humus and chitin (ICN catalogue number 101334).

[0066] Twenty pots (15 cm diameter.times.13 cm depth and 1 liter of capacity) were filled with the set proportions in the following treatments:

[0067] 1. Control treatment: soil 70%, river sand 25% and humus 5%.

[0068] 2. Chi...

example 3

Demonstration of Chitinolytic Activity and Sulfide Production from Bacteria Corynebacterium paurometabolum C-924 and Tsukamurella paurometabola DSM 20162.

[0080] Sulfide Production Determination:

[0081] In tubes of 100 ml for gas collection, samples from the gas current from fermentation of strains C-924 and DSM 20162 in 51 bioreactors, were taken. The total culture time was 24 h. The formation of hydrogen sulfide was detected first at the 16.sup.th h.

[0082] The samples were processed in an analogous manner to the H.sub.2S pattern generated. The analysis was performed in the Varian gas chromatograph, following these conditions:

[0083] Flame photometric detector with filter sensitive to compounds that contain sulfur.

[0084] Hydrogen sulfide pattern: 43.2 ng / ml, by duplicate.

[0085] Samples: duplicate for each time when sampling was done.

[0086] Injection: 1 ml or .mu.l of head space.

[0087] Column: DB-5 (15 m.times.0.53 mm)

[0088] Temperature: 35.degree. C.

[0089] Carrier gas: Nitrogen 1.5 ml...

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Abstract

This invention relates to pesticide and antiparasitic compositions for the control of pests, diseases and parasites attacking plants and animals. The compositions include, at least one chitinolytic agent or a chitinolytic activity-inducing agent, and sulfide or a sulfide-producing agent from microorganisms or chemical compounds, wherein the chitinolytic agent or the chitinolytic activity-inducing agent and sulfur or a sulfur-producing agent obtaining from microorganisms or chemical compounds are concurrently applied at a range significantly lower than any of the above-mentioned compounds, when they are individually to attain effective control.

Description

[0001] This invention comprises several synergistic compositions, of the pesticide and antiparasitic kind, useful for the control of parasitic phytonematodes and zoonematodes, some diseases (fungal and bacterial), and the control of parasitic trematodes (Fasciola hepatica).PRIOR ART[0002] Nematodes are blamed for causing the greatest damages to agriculture in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions worldwide (Nickle W. R. (Editor). 1991. Manual of Agricultural Nematology, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y. Pub. 1035 pp). Plantain alone has about 20% nematode-related losses of world production, representing $178 millions each year (Sasser J. N. and Freckman D. W. 1987. A world perspective on nematology: the role of the society. Vistas on nematology: a commemoration of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Society of Nematologists / edited by Joseph A. Veech and Donald W. Dickson. p. 7-14). Plantain and banana plantations are significantly affected by Radopholus similis.[0003] Meloid...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): A01N25/00A01N25/02A61K45/06A01N25/04A01N25/06A01N25/12A01N25/34A01N43/16A01N59/02A01N63/50A61K35/66A61K38/46A61P31/04A61P31/10A61P33/00
CPCA01N63/00A01N63/02A01N2300/00A61P31/04A61P31/10A61P33/00A01N63/50A01N63/20
Inventor CAMPOS, JESUS MENAVAZQUEZ, EULOGIO PIMENTELGARCIA, ARMANDO TOMAS HERNADEZGONZALEZ, LIUVEN VELOZBRUZOS, MARIETA MARINALBERTO, OSCAR COMPTEPUENTE, MARILIN DOMINGOBARRERAS, LICETTE LEONFERRERO, MERARDO PUJOLPONCE, JUAN DIEGO MENCHONORDELO, CARLOS BORROTO
Owner CENT DE ING GENETICA & BIOTECNOLOGIA
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