Electrolyte for metal battery and metal battery

Abstract

The invention provides an electrolyte for a metal battery and the metal battery, and belongs to the technical field of batteries. The electrolyte for the metal battery, provided by the invention, comprises a liquid electrolyte and an electrolyte additive added into the liquid electrolyte, wherein the electrolyte additive is any one or more of indium salt, tin salt, bismuth salt and germanium salt. Because metals such as indium, tin, bismuth and the like have higher electrode potential than lithium, the metal ions can be reduced on the surface of the negative electrode by the lithium, so that an SEI film containing metal components is formed on the surface of the lithium negative electrode in situ. In the circulation process, metal ions in the electrolyte have electrochemical activity, stability of a metal protective layer on the surface of the lithium negative electrode is promoted, the metal can store lithium in an alloy forming mode, and meanwhile, the formed alloy can reduce diffusion barriers during lithium deposition, promote rapid migration of the lithium ions and inhibit growth of lithium dendrites; therefore, the cycling stability of the lithium metal negative electrode is further improved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of battery technology, in particular to an electrolyte used for a metal battery and the metal battery. Background technique [0002] With the advancement of technology and society, people's demand for high-efficiency energy storage and conversion devices is increasing. Lithium-ion batteries have attracted widespread attention due to their advantages such as high energy density, long cycle life, and no memory effect, and have been successfully used in different fields such as smartphones, electric vehicles, and grid energy storage, and occupy a dominant position in the current battery market. At present, the negative electrode material of commercial lithium-ion batteries is mainly graphite, and its theoretical specific capacity is 372mAh / g. With the progress of manufacturing technology, the energy density of lithium-ion batteries has gradually approached the theoretical value, which cannot meet the rapidly developing e...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, due to the high chemical activity of lithium, it is easy to form lithium dendrites on the surface, puncture the SEI film and further consume the electrolyte, forming non-conductive dead lithium.

Due to the limited lithium content, there is no additional lithium replenishment during the cycle, making the cycle stability of the battery poor

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