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Passivated lithium metal-carbon skeleton composite material and preparation method and application thereof

A carbon composite material, metal lithium technology, applied in the fields of material science and new energy science, can solve the problems of electrolyte burning, danger, overheating, etc., and achieve the inhibition of lithium dendrite formation, good cycle stability, and high Coulomb efficiency. Effect

Active Publication Date: 2017-05-24
SUZHOU INST OF NANO TECH & NANO BIONICS CHINESE ACEDEMY OF SCI
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  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

However, when lithium metal is used as the negative electrode of the battery, during the charging process, lithium ions are deposited on the negative electrode of the lithium metal, which will form dendrites and pierce the diaphragm, resulting in short circuit, overheating, electrolyte combustion, and even battery explosion, causing danger. Therefore, lithium metal Negative electrodes are not commercially used in rechargeable lithium batteries and rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

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  • Passivated lithium metal-carbon skeleton composite material and preparation method and application thereof
  • Passivated lithium metal-carbon skeleton composite material and preparation method and application thereof
  • Passivated lithium metal-carbon skeleton composite material and preparation method and application thereof

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[0050] In some embodiments, the preparation method may further include: uniformly mixing molten lithium metal with a porous carbon material carrier, and cooling to obtain a lithium metal-skeleton carbon composite material. Wherein, after heating and melting metallic lithium (preferably with a purity of more than 99.99%), the carbon framework material will absorb it into the pores of the carbon framework material. Similarly, low-melting-point metals such as sodium, potassium, and tin can also be absorbed into the carbon material skeleton according to this.

[0051] Correspondingly, in some embodiments, a passivated metal-skeleton carbon composite material is also provided, which includes:

[0052] A metal-skeleton carbon composite material comprising a porous carbon material support and metal particles distributed at least in the pores of the porous carbon material support; and,

[0053] The passivation layer is at least used to prevent the metal particles in the metal-skeleto...

Embodiment 1

[0078] Embodiment 1: Preparation of metal lithium-carbon nanotube particle composite material:

[0079] Preparation of carbon nanotube microspheres: first, add 4 g of multi-walled carbon nanotubes without any chemical treatment to 200 ml of deionized water, and then add 20 mL of absolute ethanol. Sealed and stirred, 130W ultrasonic probe ultrasonic treatment for 10h, so that the sample is evenly dispersed. When finished, add the sample to the spray dryer. The inlet air temperature was set at 200°C, the outlet air temperature was set at 150°C, the spray pressure was set at 40MPa, the injection volume was set at 500mL / h, and the carbon nanotube microsphere material was obtained after drying. Nitrogen adsorption and desorption tests were carried out on the microspheres, and the specific surface area of ​​the microspheres was 254m 2 / g, the average pore diameter is 31.4nm.

[0080] Lithium metal-carbon nanotube particle composite material First weigh 200mg battery-grade lithium...

Embodiment 2

[0082] Embodiment 2: Preparation of metal lithium-carbon nanotube particle composite material treated with sulfur passivation:

[0083] First, configure a certain concentration of sulfur-containing organic solvent. In this implementation case, configure a n-hexane solution with a sulfur content of 0.001mol / L, and weigh 200 mg of the lithium metal-carbon nanometer prepared in Example 1 in the glove box. The tube microspheres were mixed with 3ml of sulfur-containing solution, stirred for about 2 hours, then suction-filtered, and washed with a solvent for several times to obtain a metal lithium-carbon nanotube particle composite material treated with sulfur passivation.

[0084] Figure 2b It is a scanning electron micrograph of metal lithium-carbon framework material and metal lithium-carbon nanotube particle composite material after passivation. From Figure 2b It can be seen that after passivation, the morphology of metal lithium-carbon nanotube particle composites has not c...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a passivated lithium metal-skeleton carbon composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite material is prepared from a lithium metal-skeleton carbon composite material and a passivated layer, wherein the lithium metal-skeleton carbon composite material is prepared from a porous carbon material carrier and lithium metal which is at least distributed in holes of the porous carbon material carrier, and the passivated layer is at least used for stopping the lithium metal in the lithium metal-skeleton carbon composite material from directly contacting the outside world. As the artificial passivated layer is formed on the particle surface of the lithium metal-carbon skeleton composite material, the phenomenon that lithium metal is corroded by electrolyte in a circulating process is effectively reduced, and lithium dendrites are prevented from forming; thus, the obtained passivated lithium metal-carbon skeleton composite material has the advantages of good circulating stability, high coulombic efficiency and the like in electrochemical circulation, can be widely applied to chemical energy storing devices of rechargeable lithium batteries, rechargeable lithium ion batteries and the like, can effectively improve coulombic efficiency, circulating stability and energy density of batteries.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a metal-carbon composite material, in particular to a passivated metal lithium-carbon skeleton composite material, its preparation method and application, and belongs to the fields of material science and new energy science and technology. Background technique [0002] Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, good cycle performance, and environmental friendliness. They replace traditional lead-acid batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries and are widely used in transportation, communications, electronic products, energy storage and other fields. Using metal lithium as the negative electrode can provide sufficient lithium ions, increase the working voltage of the battery, and increase the energy density of the battery. It is a very ideal negative electrode material. However, when lithium metal is used as the negative electrode of the battery, during the charging process, lithium ions are deposited on...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/62H01M4/134H01M4/1395H01M10/052H01M10/0525H01M12/08
CPCH01M4/134H01M4/1395H01M4/628H01M10/052H01M10/0525H01M12/08H01M2004/027Y02E60/10
Inventor 张海洋王亚龙张晓峰卢威吴晓东陈立桅
Owner SUZHOU INST OF NANO TECH & NANO BIONICS CHINESE ACEDEMY OF SCI
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