W-Ni-Cu gradient material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a W-Ni-Cu gradient material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: taking a molten salt system of NaCl-KCl-NaF-NiO as an Ni leakage source and taking a copper-plating aqueous solution as a Cu leakage source; electrically depositing and leaking nickel on a pure W plate through molten salt, electrically depositing and leaking Cu through an aqueous solution; and finally diffusing and annealing to obtain the W-Ni-Cu gradient material. The material is high in thermal shock resistance and thermal fatigue resistance; all the components of the material are combined closely; the material surface structure is compact and smooth; the material has high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and high mechanical performance. The method is capable of simultaneously carrying out mutual diffusion between W and Ni and carrying out mutual diffusion between Ni and Cu under the action of an electric field and a temperature field by using an electric deposition method according to the basic diffusion theory (the electric field can accelerate the diffusion of solid metals, and the diffusion speed of the opposite party can also be mutually improved when carrying out multi-element diffusion in the solid diffusion); the thickening of gradient layers can be accelerated; the W-Ni-Cu gradient material has the characteristics of rapid forming speed of the gradient layers, short preparation time, randomly controllable thickness of the gradient layers, compact surface structure of the material, high thermal conductivity and simple process.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a gradient material and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a W-Ni-Cu gradient material and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] As a new type of material, gradient materials have been applied in the fields of nuclear energy, biomedicine, machinery, petrochemical industry, information, civil and aerospace. The key feature of gradient materials is to connect two or more materials with different properties well by controlling the continuous change of interface composition and structure, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the performance of materials and prolonging their service life. W-Cu gradient material has excellent characteristics due to its special structure model, and has been widely used in nuclear industry, electronic industry, mechanical engineering, aerospace and other fields. [0003] There are few reports on the preparation of W-Ni-Cu gradient materials at home and abroad, bu...

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Problems solved by technology

The gradient material prepared by this method has the characteristics of easy control of the thickness of the gradient layer, wide control range of process parameters, easy operation, compact and smooth surface structure of the material, but the bonding strength of the material is low, mainly because W and Cu are under normal conditions. They are incompatible with each other, and the two can neither form a solid solution nor react to form a compound. The formed W-Cu gradient material is a typical pseudo-alloy

[0008] The above analysis shows that there are few W-Ni-Cu gradient materials with thermal shock resistance and thermal fatigue resistance and their preparation methods. Even in the preparation of W-Cu gradient materials similar to this material, there are the following deficiencies: ( 1) The gradient layer has many defects such as pores and voids, and its mechanical properties are relatively poor; (2) The process conditions are complicated and the production cost is high; (3) It is difficult to prepare gradient materials in the strict sense of 0-100%

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