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Enhanced purification of antibodies and antibody fragments by apatite chromatography

a technology of apatite and purification method, which is applied in the direction of antibody medical ingredients, peptides/protein ingredients, peptides, etc., can solve the problems of unpredictable effects of different salts on the selectivity of a given apatite, and none of these methods is an appropriate model for apatites

Active Publication Date: 2012-01-10
BIO RAD LAB INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present invention provides methods for purifying desired antibodies or immunoreactive antibody fragments from impurities using a native or calcium-derivatized apatite chromatography support. The methods involve contacting the impurities with the apatite support and eluting it with an ionic species, such as a sulfate, borate, monocarboxylic organic acid salt, or monocarboxylic zwitterion, as the primary eluting ion. The eluent may not contain phosphate. The methods may involve converting the apatite support to the other form prior to elution of the antibody or antibody fragment. The technical effects of the invention include improved purity and yield of antibodies or antibody fragments.

Problems solved by technology

Other chloride salts also fail to achieve elution.
The effects of different salts on the selectivity of a given apatite are unpredictable.
None of these methods is an appropriate model for apatites because none of them exploits calcium affinity for binding.
Other publications indicate that sulfate salts in particular should be unsuitable as primary eluting agents for hydroxyapatite because “ .
Alternatively, they may be eluted in an increasing gradient of chloride salts but both elution formats impose disadvantages on purification procedures.
The high phosphate concentration in which antibodies elute in phosphate gradients has strong buffer capacity that may interfere with subsequent purification steps.
The high conductivity at which antibodies elute in chloride gradients may also interfere with downstream steps.
Dilution and buffer exchange have a negative impact on process economics.
A further disadvantage of chloride gradients is that the application of chloride to hydroxyapatite causes an uncontrolled reduction of pH.
Acidic pH causes destruction of hydroxyapatite and risks adverse affects to antibodies bound to it.
Another limitation of hydroxyapatite with antibody purification is that IgG binding capacity is reduced at elevated conductivity values.
This strongly reduces its versatility since the salt concentration of cell culture supernatants and antibody-containing fractions from purification methods such as ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, confers sufficient conductivity to reduce the IgG binding capacity of hydroxyapatite to such an extent that it may not be useful for a particular application.
This disadvantage can be overcome by diafiltration or dilution of the sample prior to its application to the hydroxyapatite column, but as noted above, these operations increase the expense of the overall purification process.
Alternatively, the disadvantage can be ameliorated by using a larger volume of hydroxyapatite, but this increases process expense by requiring larger columns and larger buffer volumes.
It also causes the antibody to elute in a larger volume of buffer, which increases overall process time in the subsequent purification step.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Dynamic Binding Capacity Comparison of Native and Calcium-Derivatized Hydroxyapatite

[0081]A column of hydroxyapatite, CHT Type II, 40 micron, 5 mm diameter, 50 mm height, was equilibrated at a linear flow rate of 300 cm / hr with 20 mM Hepes, 3 mM CaCl2, pH 6.7. A sample of protein A purified IgG monoclonal antibody was applied to the column by in-line dilution at a proportion of 1 part antibody to 4 parts equilibration buffer. Dynamic breakthrough capacity at 5% breakthrough was 114 mg / mL of hydroxyapatite. The experiment was repeated with an equilibration buffer of 20 mM Hepes, 3 mM CaCl2, 1 M NaCl, pH 6.7. Dynamic capacity at 5% breakthrough was 43 mg / mL. The experiment was repeated with an equilibration buffer of 5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.7. Dynamic capacity at 5% breakthrough was 29 mg / mL. The experiment was repeated with an equilibration buffer of 5 mM sodium phosphate, 1 M NaCl, pH 6.7. Dynamic capacity at 5% breakthrough was 3 mg / mL. This example illustrates the dramatic imp...

example 2

Purification of an IgG Monoclonal Antibody from Cell Culture Supernatant on Native Hydroxyapatite, Eluted with a Borate Gradient

[0082]A column of hydroxyapatite, CHT Type I, 40 micron, 8 mm diameter, 50 mm height, was equilibrated at a linear flow rate of 300 cm / hr with 5 mM sodium phosphate, 20 mM Hepes, pH 7.0. A monoclonal antibody preparation consisting of a mammalian cell culture supernatant previously filtered through a membrane with porosity of about 0.22 μm, and diafiltered to about the same conditions as the equilibration buffer was applied to the column. The column was eluted with a linear gradient to 1 M sodium borate, 5 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0. The majority of contaminating proteins eluted before the antibody. Non-aggregated antibody eluted at an average conductivity of about 5 mS / cm. Aggregates eluted later. The column was cleaned with 500 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0. It will be recognized by the person of ordinary skill in the art that eluted antibody may be furthe...

example 3

Purification of an IgG Monoclonal Antibody from Cell Culture Supernatant on Native Hydroxyapatite, Eluted with a Monocarboxylic Acid (Lactate) Gradient

[0083]A column of hydroxyapatite, CHT Type I, 40 micron, 5 mm diameter, 50 mm height, was equilibrated at a linear flow rate of 600 cm / hr with 5 mM sodium phosphate, 20 mM Hepes, pH 7.0. 100 microliters of a monoclonal antibody preparation consisting of a mammalian cell culture supernatant previously filtered through a membrane with porosity of about 0.22 μm, was injected onto the column and the column washed with 2 column volumes of equilibration buffer. The column was eluted with a 20 column volume linear gradient to 1 M sodium lactate, 20 mM Hepes, pH 7.0. The majority of contaminating proteins eluted before the antibody and most of the remainder eluted later. Non-aggregated antibody eluted at an average conductivity of about 20 mS / cm. Aggregates eluted later. The column was cleaned with 500 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0.

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Abstract

Methods are disclosed for use of apatite chromatography, particularly without reliance upon phosphate gradients, for purification or separation of at least one intact non-aggregated antibody, or at least one immunoreactive antibody fragment, from an impure preparation. Integration of such methods into multi-step procedures with other fractionation methods are additionally disclosed.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application Ser. Nos. 61 / 011,513 filed Jan. 18, 2008; 61 / 062,663 filed Jan. 28, 2008; 61 / 069,859 filed Mar. 19, 2008; 61 / 070,841 filed Mar. 27, 2008; 61 / 135,787 filed Jul. 24, 2008; 61 / 189,467 filed Aug. 20, 2008, each of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]This invention relates in certain embodiments to methods for enhancing purification of antibodies and immunoreactive antibody fragments by apatite chromatography in the presence of one or more of borate compounds, sulfate compounds, monocarboxylate compounds, and / or in the presence of calcium compounds. In certain embodiments, the invention may permit more effective separation of intact non-aggregated antibody from unwanted fragments, aggregated antibody, and other contaminants. In other embodiments, the invention may permit more effective purification of immunoreactive antibody fragments...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Patents(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K39/395C07K16/00C07K1/16
CPCC07K1/16C07K1/18C07K1/165
Inventor GAGNON, PETER S.
Owner BIO RAD LAB INC
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