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Processes for decreasing char entrainment during pyrolysis

a pyrolysis and char technology, applied in the field of organic matter pyrolysis, can solve the problems of high-oxygenated pyrolysis oil (or pyoil) that is not practical for upgrading, catalysts tend to rapidly deactivate, and condensed liquid product containing solids and metals that can negatively impact downstream processes, so as to reduce the rate of mechanical attrition and increase the average diameter

Inactive Publication Date: 2014-03-13
PHILLIPS 66 CO
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

This patent is related to a process for thermally decomposing biomass to produce energy. The process involves mixing the biomass with a binder material to form pellets, which are then heated in a reactor to form vapors and char particles. The binder material helps to decrease the breakdown of the pellets into smaller particles, which leads to a higher yield of energy in the vapor produced during the process. This makes the method more efficient for producing energy from biomass.

Problems solved by technology

The products also include a highly-oxygenated pyrolysis oil (or pyoil) that is not practical for upgrading to a transportation fuel because of thermal stability issues associated with highly reactive oxygenated components.
Unfortunately, when employing this process, the catalysts tend to rapidly deactivate when contacted by char fines composed of carbon and metals.
Additionally, the char fines are often carried out of the pyrolyzer by entrainment with the hot pyrolysis vapor, resulting in a condensed liquid product containing solids and metals that can negatively impact downstream processes.

Method used

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  • Processes for decreasing char entrainment during pyrolysis

Examples

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example 1

[0061]Kiln-dried Red Oak was ground and the particles were subjected to pyrolysis (“Raw Biomass” in Table 1) or pre-sized into two fractions with a particle diameter ranging from of 300 to 500 microns or a particle size ranging from 750 to 1250 microns (see Table 1).

[0062]Biomass was added to a pyrolysis reactor with a heat carrier heated to a temperature greater than about 1200° F. to thermally decompose solid biomass to condensable pyrolysis vapors, char, and non-condensable gases. The pyrolysis vapors passed out of the pyrolysis reactor and were cooled and collected in a collection system comprised of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). These ESP collected vapors that condensed at greater than about 180° F., while water-cooled condensers collected vapors that condense at a temperature of less than 180° F.

[0063]In the experiment, solids remained in the pyrolysis reactor (Table 1) and two fractions were collected (refer to Tables 2 and 3, respectively: 1). The vapor-gas stream was ...

example 2

[0066]One example of a compound that can be used as an additive in the inventive processes and systems described herein is magnesium chloride. We performed pyrolysis of red oak impregnated at 1:10 ratio of magnesium chloride to biomass and dried at 70° C. Pyrolysis was performed at 475° C. in a non-reactive helium atmosphere. Production of furfural (and other C5+ oxygenates) and anhydrosugar were enhanced as compared to conventional pyrolysis. Lower yields of phenolics and oxygenated aromatics were also observed. Catalytic pyrolysis of the same feedstock with ZSM-5 catalyst in a 5:1 ratio resulted in a decreased yield of oxygenates and higher yield of hydrocarbons compared to non-impregnated biomass (see Table 4; numbers represent percent of total carbon yield as determined by Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry). The yield of char decreased marginally for pyrolysis of impregnated biomass, improving overall liquid yield.

TABLE 4Pyrolysis Product Distribution Following Impregnation w...

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Abstract

The present disclosure relates generally to novel biomass pyrolysis processes and systems that decrease entrainment of char and other contaminants with the produced pyrolysis vapors.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application is a non-provisional application which claims benefit under 35 USC §119(e) and priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61 / 699,036 filed Sep. 10, 2012, entitled “Processes For Decreasing Char Entrainment During Pyrolysis”, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT[0002]None.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0003]This disclosure relates to pyrolysis of organic matter into useful chemical or fuel products. More specifically, this disclosure pertains to methods and systems for decreasing the entrainment of char and other particulate contaminants in pyrolysis vapors by utilizing a pelletized biomass feedstock in to a specific size range. A binder material in the pelletized feedstock facilitates maintaining the diameter of the feedstock pellets above a given threshold size both before and during pyrolysis. The binder material optionally possess catalytic acti...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C10J3/46
CPCC10J3/46C10B49/16C10B53/02C10B53/08C10B57/06C10G1/08C10G2300/1011C10G2/32Y02E50/30Y02E50/10Y02P20/145Y02P30/20C10L3/08C10B43/14
Inventor GORKE, JOHNATHAN T.JONES, SAMUEL T.HUGHES, MARK A.MCQUEEN, J. SCOTTPHILLIPS, CORY B.
Owner PHILLIPS 66 CO
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