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Fischer-tropsch derived diesel fuel and process for making same

a technology of diesel fuel and distillate, applied in the field of fischertropsch diesel fuel, distillate fuel, or blend component, can solve the problems of not being suitable for commercial diesel fuel, less distillate density, etc., and achieve the effect of increasing the cloud point of the composition and increasing yield

Inactive Publication Date: 2008-07-03
CHEVROU USA INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0018]The present invention resides in the discovery that the presence of more than 0.01 wt. % oxygen in C11+ linear alcohols will significantly increase the cloud point of the composition rendering it unsuitable for use as a diesel fuel. Further processing the C15+ fraction also can increase the yields since C14− paraffins are suitable for use in diesel fuel. As used in this disclosure, the term “C4− linear alcohols” refers to linear alcohols containing 4 or less carbon atoms in the molecule, such as methanol, ethanol. 1-butanol, and 1-propanol. The term “C11+ linear alcohols” refers to linear alcohols having 11 or more carbon atoms in the molecule, such as 1-undecanol, 1-dodecanol. 1-tridecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 1-pentadecanol, 1-hexadecanol, etc. Linear C5-C10 alcohols referred to in this disclosure are 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol. 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, and 1-decanol, and mixtures of these.

Problems solved by technology

However, these middle distillates have a density less than diesel fuel specification.
Unfortunately, the compositions taught in these documents employing the range of alcohols specified, particularly with C11 plus alcohols, would fail to meet the cloud point specifications for diesel fuel, and, consequently, they would not be suitable as commercial diesel fuel.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

[0037]In this example, a 600° F. (315° F.) end point (by ASTM D2887) Fischer Tropsch diesel fuel with a high i / n ratio was prepared and tested.

[0038]A commercial sample of Fischer Tropsch C80 wax was obtained from Moore and Munger Co. It has an initial boiling point as determined by ASTM D 2887 of 790° F. and a boiling point at 5 wt. % of 856° F. It was hydrocracked in a single stage pilot plant at 669° F., 1.0 LHSV, 1000 psig, 10000 SCF / Bbl Hydrogen at 90% conversion in a once-through operation (without recycle). A commercial sulfided hydrocracking catalyst was used. A 260-600° F. product with the following properties was recovered by distillation. This product contains over 2 wt. % n-C14+ n-paraffins yet has a cloud point of −51° C.

Density at 15° C., g / ml0.7626Sulfur, ppm0Viscosity at −20° C., cSt6.382Freeze Point, ° C.−47.7Cloud Point, ° C.−51.Flash Point, ° C.54.Smoke Point, mm>45

[0039]Hydrocarbon types, wt. % by Mass Spec. (ASTM D2789)

Paraffins93.1Mono-cycloparaffins5.2Di-cyclo...

example 2

[0043]An additional diesel fuel sample was prepared with a 675° F. (357° C.) and 450° F. (232° C.) end points and a moderate i / n ratio and tested as shown below. This sample meets the end point and flash point requirements of ASTM D975 for No. 2-D fuel.

[0044]Samples of Fischer Tropsch condensate and wax from a cobalt catalyst were obtained. The condensate was hydrotreated at 3.36 LHSV, 1000 psig total pressure, 5000 SCFR recycle gas rate over a sulfided commercial whole extrudate non-acidic NiMo / Al2O3 catalyst. The wax was hydrocracked at 1.2 LHSV, 66% per pass conversion below 675° F. (357° C.), 1000 psig total pressure, 5000 SCFB recycle gas rate over a sulfided commercial whole extrudate acidic NiW / Al2O3—SiO2 catalyst. The products from the two units were continuously blended and distilled. The material boiling above the diesel cut point (roughly 675° F.-357° C.) was recycled to extinction in the hydrocracker.

[0045]Properties of the 250-675° F. (121-357° C.) diesel fuel are shown...

example 3

[0049]The diesel product from example 2 was further distilled to obtain a 250-400° F. (121-204° C.) diesel fuel fraction which simulated a No. 1-D fuel with these properties.

PropertyValueUnitsDensity @ 20° C.0.7269g cm−1Refractive Index @ 20° C.1.4096Molecular Weight142Daltonsn-d-M Analysis% Paraffinic Carbon98.42Wt %% Naphthenic Carbon1.52Wt %% Aromatic Carbon0.00Wt %Naphthenic Rings per molecule0.03Aromalic Rings per molecule0.00Cloud Point−60° C.Sulfur2.3ppm weightNitrogen0.178ppm weightBromine Index228Aromatics by SFCMonoaromaticsWt %PolyaromaticsWt %Total AromaticsWt %FIAM (D1319)Aromatics1Vol %Olefins0Vol %Paraffins / Naphthenes99Vol %n-Paraffin Analysis by Carbon Numbern-C50.01Wt %n-C60.01Wt %n-C70.50Wt %n-C811.13Wt %n-C916.42Wt %n-C1016.97Wt %n-C1113.59Wt %n-C120.46Wt %n-C13 and heavier0.00Wt %Total Normal Paraffins59.09Wt %Distilliation by D-2887, Wt % by ° F.St / 5 wt %196 / 25610 / 30 wt %260 / 30450 wt %33070 / 90 wt %350 / 38895 / 99 wt %389 / 406

[0050]These studies show that addition of...

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Abstract

The present invention is directed to a Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate suitable for use as a distillate fuel having a flash point 38° C. minimum measured by ASTM D 93 and a cloud point of +14° C. or less and further containing not less than 0.01 wt,% oxygen in each of 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, 1-decanol and not more than 0.01 wt.% oxygen in C11+ linear alcohols. Preferably, the Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate will have a cloud point at or below 0° C., and more preferably the cloud point of the Fischer-Tropsch derived distillate, will be at or below −15° C.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The invention relates to a Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel, distillate fuel, or blend component, which also meets the specifications for diesel fuel but with a lighter density than conventional diesel fuel and a process for preparing the fuel.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]A distillate fuel refers to a fuel containing components boiling above the typical end point of gasoline (approximately 400° F. or 204° C.), but excludes non-distillable components (material boiling above 1100° F. or 593° C.). Distillate fuels can be burned in stationary engines, such as those used to generate electricity. A diesel fuel refers to a distillate which may be burned in a diesel engine to provide power for various human activities. The specifications for diesel fuel are more stringent than distillate fuels. For example in the United States, the end point specification for diesel fuels are 640° F. (338° C.) for No. 2-D and 550° F. (288° C.) for No. 1-D.[0003]Various grades of d...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C10L1/18
CPCY02E50/32C10L1/026Y02E50/30C10G51/06C10L1/08
Inventor O'REAR, DENNIS J.
Owner CHEVROU USA INC
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