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Lithium metal negative electrode material, preparation method and application thereof

A lithium metal anode, slurry technology, applied in electrode manufacturing, battery electrodes, lithium batteries, etc., can solve the problems of high reactivity of lithium and electrolyte, non-uniformity of deposition/dissolution, low electrode potential, etc. Effects of conduction and migration, controllable coating uniformity, and simple preparation method

Active Publication Date: 2019-11-19
XIAMEN UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

[0002] Due to its ultra-high mass specific capacity (3860mAh / g) and extremely low electrode potential (-3.04V vs SHE), lithium metal is an ideal negative electrode for building high specific energy batteries, but lithium metal batteries have lithium deposition / dissolution during cycling Inhomogeneity and high reactivity between lithium and electrolyte, resulting in dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency
It is specifically reflected in the following aspects: 1. Due to the uneven distribution of lithium ions, the growth of lithium dendrites is triggered. When the lithium dendrites grow to a certain extent, they will pierce the separator and cause internal short circuits in the battery, which will cause safety problems such as battery combustion and explosion; 2. .The growth of lithium dendrites will increase the contact area between lithium metal and electrolyte, thereby consuming a large amount of active lithium and electrolyte, reducing the Coulombic efficiency of the half-cell; 3. The lithium metal negative electrode will have a large The change in volume makes the SEI film unstable and reduces the cycle performance of the battery; 4. Lithium dendrites grow to a certain extent and will be broken by the separator, generating a large amount of dead lithium with no electrochemical activity, which will not only reduce the Coulombic efficiency of the battery, but also It will block the channel of lithium ion transmission, thereby increasing the impedance of lithium ion transmission
5. Lithium metal and electrolyte are highly reactive, so the continuous contact between lithium metal and electrolyte during battery cycling will consume a large amount of active lithium and reduce the coulombic efficiency of the battery

Method used

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  • Lithium metal negative electrode material, preparation method and application thereof
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  • Lithium metal negative electrode material, preparation method and application thereof

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preparation example Construction

[0040] The embodiment of the present invention provides a preparation method of a lithium metal negative electrode material, which includes:

[0041] S1, preparing a high molecular polymer; wherein, the high molecular polymer is formed by free radical polymerization of monomer A and monomer B, wherein the monomer A is selected from acrylonitrile or its derivatives; the monomer Body B is selected from polyethylene glycol acrylates.

[0042] Acrylonitrile or its derivatives and polyethylene glycol acrylate of the present invention are used as comonomers of high molecular polymers, wherein acrylonitrile or its derivatives are conducive to the dissociation of lithium salts and high pressure resistance, ensuring the stability of the battery Circular and safe. Since acrylonitrile polymers do not have the ability to conduct ions, while polyethylene glycol acrylate polymers are rich in carbonyl oxygen and ether oxygen groups, which are conducive to the conduction and migration of lit...

Embodiment 1

[0063] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a lithium metal negative electrode material, comprising the following steps:

[0064] S1, under the protection of argon, disperse acrylonitrile and polyethylene glycol methyl methacrylate in water, add initiator KPS, and react at 70°C for 12h; wherein, the acrylonitrile and polyethylene glycol methacrylic acid The mol ratio of methyl ester is 1:1, and the mass ratio of described thermal initiator and described monomer B is 0.001:1;

[0065] S2, dissolving the high molecular polymer in N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain a 10wt% slurry;

[0066] S3, coating the slurry with a thickness of 5 μm on the copper foil of the current collector, and transferring to 60° C. for vacuum drying for 6 hours to obtain a modified current collector;

[0067] S4, deposit lithium metal on the modified current collector, the deposition capacity is 1mAh / cm 2 , the current density is 0.2mA / cm 2 , to obtain a lithium metal negative electrode material...

Embodiment 2

[0069] This embodiment provides a method for preparing a lithium metal negative electrode material, comprising the following steps:

[0070] S1, under the protection of argon, disperse acrylonitrile and polyethylene glycol methyl methacrylate in water, add initiator KPS, and react at 70°C for 12h; wherein, the acrylonitrile and polyethylene glycol methacrylic acid The mol ratio of methyl ester is 1:1, and the mass ratio of described thermal initiator and described monomer B is 0.001:1;

[0071] S2, dissolving the high molecular polymer in N-methylpyrrolidone to obtain a 10wt% slurry;

[0072] S3, coating the slurry with a thickness of 5 μm on the copper foil of the current collector, and transferring to 60° C. for vacuum drying for 6 hours to obtain a modified current collector;

[0073] S4, deposit lithium metal on the modified current collector, the deposition capacity is 0.5mAh / cm 2 , the current density is 0.5mA / cm 2 , to obtain a lithium metal negative electrode materi...

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Abstract

A lithium metal negative electrode material, a preparation method and an application thereof are disclosed. The method includes: S1, preparing a high-molecular polymer, wherein the high-molecular polymer is obtained by free radical polymerization of a monomer A and a monomer B, the monomer A is selected from acrylonitrile or a derivative thereof, and the monomer B is selected from polyethylene glycol acrylate; S2, dissolving the high-molecular polymer in an organic solvent to obtain a paste; S3, applying the paste to a current collector and vacuum-drying the current collector at 30-60 degreescentigrade for 5-12 hours to obtain a modified current collector; and S4, depositing metal lithium on the modified current collector to obtain a lithium metal negative electrode material. The invention also provides a lithium metal negative electrode material prepared by the method and the use as a lithium metal battery negative electrode in a lithium metal secondary battery. By coating the surface of the current collector with the high-molecular polymer, the method can prevent a reaction between the electrolyte and the lithium metal, induces the uniform deposition of lithium ions, and improves the coulomb efficiency and the cycle performance of the lithium metal battery.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, and in particular to a lithium metal negative electrode material, a preparation method and an application. Background technique [0002] Due to its ultra-high mass specific capacity (3860mAh / g) and extremely low electrode potential (-3.04V vs SHE), lithium metal is an ideal negative electrode for building high specific energy batteries, but lithium metal batteries have lithium deposition / dissolution during cycling The inhomogeneity and high reactivity between lithium and electrolyte lead to dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency. It is specifically reflected in the following aspects: 1. Due to the uneven distribution of lithium ions, the growth of lithium dendrites is triggered. When the lithium dendrites grow to a certain extent, they will pierce the separator and cause internal short circuits in the battery, which will cause safety problems such as battery combustion and explosi...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/62H01M4/04H01M4/134H01M10/052
CPCH01M4/0404H01M4/134H01M4/628H01M10/052Y02E60/10
Inventor 黄令王琼孙世刚
Owner XIAMEN UNIV
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