Aluminum cell cathode structure capable of reducing horizontal current and improving current distribution

Abstract

The invention discloses an aluminum cell cathode structure capable of reducing horizontal current and improving current distribution. The structure comprises a cathode carbon block and cathode current-conducting rods, one penetrating groove or two coaxial and symmetric long grooves are formed in the bottom face of the cathode carbon block, and grooves are formed in the top face of the cathode carbon block; each cathode current-conducting rod is composed of a rod body, a current conducting claw and claw heads; the current conducting claws are fixedly arranged on the top ends of the rod bodies,three or more claw heads are arranged on each current conducting claw and are located in the grooves, and the positions between the grooves and the claw heads are filled with conductors. According tostructural design, the claw heads can evenly share the current from the cathode carbon block, the current can be more evenly distributed, horizontal current is reduced, the melt interface stability isgood, the groove voltage can be reduced through reducing the electrode distance, and energy consumption reduction is achieved.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and in particular relates to a cathode structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell which reduces horizontal current and improves current distribution. Background technique [0002] At present, the electrolyte used in industrial electrolytic aluminum smelting is a cryolite-alumina molten salt system, and the electrolysis device is an electrolytic cell, which is composed of an anode, a cathode, and a busbar; , and distributed to each parallel anode group, including anode aluminum guide rods, anode steel claws, and anode carbon blocks, and then enters the electrolyte melt. Under the electrolyte layer is a molten aluminum layer, and the current enters the cathode carbon block through the aluminum liquid layer. Then the cathode steel rods connected by each cathode carbon block are exported to the cathode busbar, and finally connected in series to the column busbar of the next electrolytic...

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Problems solved by technology

[0005] The cathode structure of the current industrial electrolytic cell results in higher current density at the two ends of the cathode carbon block and lower current density in the middle of the cathode carbon block, so that the current in the aluminum liquid will flow in order to avoid passing through the longer cathode steel rod. The end of the cathode carbon block is offset, which causes the current density of the aluminum liquid closer to the outlet end to be larger, while the current density of the aluminum liquid farther away from the outlet end is smaller, which finally shows that there is a large horizontal current in the aluminum liquid; Under the action of the vertical magnetic field, this horizontal current generates electromagnetic force, which causes the liquid aluminum / electrolyte interface to fluctuate; the larger the horizontal current, the more unstable the aluminum liquid and the lower the current efficiency; therefore, in the current aluminum electrolytic cell operation, it is usually kept relatively low High pole distance can maintain high current efficiency

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