Method for preserving seedlings in cotton field without pre-sowing irrigation under mulch drip irrigation precision sowing cultivation environment

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preserving seedlings in a cotton field without pre-sowing irrigation in a cultivation environment of drip irrigation under mulch for precision sowing. The method includes the steps of cotton field preparation, variety and seed preparation, sowing, irrigation, seed sealing and other field management methods. During the cotton sowing period and the emergence period, the cotton field is not located in the tuyere area, and the cotton field does not carry out pre-sowing irrigation and moisture storage. Light seeds, the seeds must be coated, and the germination rate should be 90.4-96.8%; when the cotton field is sown, the two operations of cotton sowing, soil covering and suppression are not carried out. Cover the hole with soil. Under normal temperature conditions, drip irrigation will be carried out within 1-3 days after the cotton is sown, and the drip irrigation volume will be 10-12 m 3 / mu. The embodiment of the present invention is 7.2 percentage points higher than the surrounding control cotton field seedling preservation rate of the conventional seedling preservation method of sowing in the same period, and has obvious effect of light, simple and efficient cotton field management and increasing production.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a method for preserving seedlings in a cotton field without performing pre-sowing irrigation in a cultivation environment of precision seeding by drip irrigation under mulch. Background technique [0002] In agricultural production, mulching planting technology, which is widely regarded as one of the agricultural technology revolutions, has proved to be one of the important measures for farmers to increase production. It has been successfully applied in China, Japan, South Korea, the United States, France, Canada and many other countries in the world. The technology not only has the effect of increasing temperature and moisture, increasing production and income, but also effectively controlling weeds, inhibiting the return of salt on the surface, and preventing the fertilizer applied to the soil from being blown by the wind and the sun. At the same time, it promotes the activities of soil microorganisms, accelerates the decompo...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0005] Cotton under-film drip irrigation precision seeding technology is a new modern cotton planting management technology formed by the organic combination of plastic film mulching planting technology, drip irrigation technology and precision seeding technology. At present, the promotion and application area in China is about 18 million mu. The method is one of the key links in the cultivation environment of drip irrigation and precision seeding under mulch. In order to meet the demand for "emergence water" of cotton, in addition to soil preparation with proper moisture content, selection of excellent varieties, and scientific input of fertilizers, 1-2 years must be carried out before cotton sowing. For irrigation, the general water consumption is 200 m 3 About / mu, after irrigation before cotton sowing, when the soil moisture content is between 13.0-16.7%, and the best sowing season has arrived, start fertilization, soil preparation, and sowing. Although this sowing technology is relatively mature, due to limited Due to the limitation of natural ecological conditions, frequent weather disasters, and the influence of other factors such as disorderly water resources development, coupled with the large amount of pre-sowing irrigation water, the pre-sowing irrigation in the cotton field under the mulch drip irrigation precision sowing cultivation environment is poor all year round. not guaranteed

[0006] Taking the cotton region of Xinjiang, China as an example, under the background of small planting scale in the past, the cotton seedling protection method includes a large amount of fixed amount of winter irrigation or spring irrigation before cotton sowing to complete pre-sowing irrigation, and some cotton fields even perform winter irrigation and spring irrigation once each. The water demand for a single winter irrigation and spring irrigation is generally 150-230 m 3 / mu, but since the water source of winter irrigation or spring irrigation in Xinjiang mainly comes from high-water snow water, the corresponding time periods for winter irrigation or spring irrigation are roughly from the end of October to the end of December of the previous year and from mid-February to mid-to-late March of the previous year. Low, high-water snow water is difficult to melt, and it is difficult to form a sufficient water source. With the rapid increase of agricultural production scale and industrial and residential water use, it further leads to the inability to guarantee water for irrigation before sowing

According to the inventor's incomplete statistics, in reality, there are at least 13 million mu of cotton fields under mulch drip irrigation and precision sowing that cannot be irrigated before sowing, especially in the cotton area of ​​northern Xinjiang, which has tens of millions of mu of cotton fields, almost all of them cannot be irrigated before sowing.

[0007] Studies have shown that: under the cultivation environment of drip irrigation and precision seeding under cotton film, if the cotton field is not irrigated before sowing, if the normal sowing method is used, the seedbed shaping, ditching, drip irrigation belt laying, film laying, film pressing, and sowing can be completed at one time during sowing. Due to the current precision seeding, the amount of seeding is small, and the amount of seeding in a single hole is mostly only 1 seed, and the force of soil topping when cotton emerges It is much weaker than non-precision sowing cotton fields, and it is more difficult for cotton seedlings to top the soil. If cotton seedlings have poor moisture content and low temperature when they emerge, some seeds will not germinate normally and top the soil in the cotton field. In addition, With the increase in the frequency of spring rain disasters in Xinjiang cotton areas in recent years, rain disasters at the seedling stage have become one of the main disasters in Xinjiang cotton areas. Improper drip irrigation method will form a strip of "soil shell" or "steel helmet" in the soil covered by the planting row. If the "soil shell" is not broken, cotton will not be able to emerge normally from the top of the soil. If the "soil shell" is manually broken, even if the seedlings emerge, It is characterized by low emergence rate, weak seedlings, and extremely irregular growth

[0008] The researchers further investigated and found that the 0-10 cm temperature and soil moisture content in the center of the seed hole were significantly lower than the soil temperature and moisture at the edge of the plastic film at the junction of the seed hole and the plastic film. The cotton seedlings deviate from the center of the seed hole to varying degrees when the cotton top soil emerges. In severe cases, the top soil position of the cotton seedlings is just under the film. Putting seedlings in cotton fields, breaking the "soil crust", and even replenishing seedlings will greatly increase the labor required for cotton management, resulting in an increase in planting costs. Coupled with the substantial reduction in yield caused by the above-mentioned problems, the benefits of cotton planting will eventually decrease significantly. Therefore, as soon as possible It is very necessary to develop a method for preserving seedlings in cotton fields without pre-sowing irrigation in the cultivation environment of drip irrigation under mulch