Method for preparing high-purity metal cesium by using molecular distillation apparatus

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal purification, and particularly relates to a method for preparing high-purity metal cesium by using a molecular distillation apparatus. The method comprises the following steps: industrial-grade metal cesium (95%) is pretreated, and subjected to vacuum encapsulation into a vacuum feeder, wherein the metal cesium purity reaches 99%; the metal cesium subjected to primary purification is delivered to a distributor of a knifing molecular distillation apparatus via the vacuum feeder, uniformly enters a knifing device through distribution holes and forms a uniform liquid film on the evaporation wall surface; under the conditions that the distillation temperature is 250 DEG C, the vacuum degree is 1*10<-5>Pa and the rotation speed of the servomotor is 250-500 r / min, the metal cesium vapor is distilled off from the evaporation surface and condensed on the surface of a condensation tube by molecular motion, and the condensate flows downwards along the condensation tube under the action of gravity after reaching a certain amount and enters a collector via a material collection port, thereby obtaining the high-purity metal cesium. The metal cesium produced by the method has the advantages of high purity, high yield, low cost and simple technique, and can easily implement industrialization.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of metal purification, in particular a method for preparing high-purity cesium metal by using molecular distillation equipment. Background technique [0002] Metal cesium is located in the first main group of the periodic table of elements and belongs to the alkali metal. It has many unique physical and chemical properties: the melting point is 28.5 ° C, the boiling point is 705 ° C; it will spontaneously ignite due to oxidation reaction in the air, and it can explode when it meets water; The electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity are the best among all known materials; while the ionization potential is 3.87 eV, which is the lowest among all group elements; the most obvious physical property is the unique photoelectric effect, and the electron emission wavelength is the largest (0.80 μm) , located in the long-wave region of the spectrum, the electronic work function is the smallest (1.81eV); the ra...

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Problems solved by technology

[0005] ① Low distillation efficiency and long distillation time;

[0006] ② Metal vapor is in a dispersed state during distillation, the effect of impurity removal is not ideal, and the utilization rate of raw materials is low;

[0007] ③ Difficult to separate substances with similar physical properties

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