Heavy oil catalytic cracking method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a heavy oil catalytic cracking method, belongs to the technical field of petroleum chemical industry, is used for processing heavy oil, can improve the catalyst-to-oil ratio, reduces coke and dry gas yields, improves product yield, and solves reactor coking. The heavy oil catalytic cracking method includes the processes of catalyst feeding, raw material oil feeding, raw material oil vaporization, gas-solid contact, catalytic cracking reaction and gas-solid separation, and is characterized in that through arrangement of temperature reduction with a regeneration agent, heat collection with a pre-lifting device, and heat collection at the middle part of a lifting pipe reactor, the catalyst-to-oil ratio is increased, a mixing temperature of a feeding section is improved, the catalyst activity in the catalytic cracking process is improved, and the feeding heavy oil vaporization rate is improved; through arrangement of a closed fast separation system, the oil and gas residence time in a settler is shortened. The method can reduce the dry gas and coke yields, increase the product yield, improve the product quality and solve the problem of coking of the lifting pipe reactor and the settler. A device for realizing the method is also provided, includes a regeneration agent temperature reducer, the pre-lifting device, a heat collector, a lifting pipe middle-part heat collection facility and a closed fast separation facility, and is the catalytic cracking and catalytic pyrolysis device applied for processing the heavy oil.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of petrochemical industry, in particular to a heavy oil catalytic cracking method and device. Background technique [0002] The catalytic cracking process is a process in which heavy oil undergoes a gas-solid catalytic cracking reaction on a catalyst to generate light oil. In the catalytic cracking industrial device, the liquid heavy feed oil enters the bottom of the riser reactor after being atomized, and the heavy feed oil is vaporized first when it contacts with the high-temperature regenerant, and then the gas-solid catalytic cracking reaction occurs, and the reaction product is oil gas and unborn catalyst It flows out from the outlet of the riser reactor, and the reaction product oil gas is discharged out of the reactor after gas-solid separation, and the raw catalyst is regenerated. Since catalytic cracking is an endothermic reaction and coke is generated, the temperature and catalyst activity in the ...

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Problems solved by technology

In some installations, 1 to 4 primary cyclone separators (coarse cyclone for short) are installed at the outlet of the riser, and the efficiency can reach more than 95%. The coarse cyclone leg discharges the catalyst under the condition of positive pressure difference, and discharges 15% to 30% of oil and gas at the same time. , this part of the oil and gas slowly rises from the lower part of the settler to the upper part, and the residence time is 30-90 seconds. At 500 °C, there are obvious transitional thermal cracking and condensation reactions, which affect the yield of light oil. When processing heavy oil, even Coking in the settler

Some devices extend the rough-rotating air pipe upwards to the vicinity of the top-rotating inlet. This scheme greatly shortens the residence time of the oil and gas mainstream, but the small amount of oil and gas discharged from the coarse-rotating material stays in the settler for a longer time (up to 100 seconds). There is a tendency for more serious coking

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