Aptamer percolated biochip and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to an aptamer percolated biochip and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: arranging a window on a casing of the biochip; arranging a nitrocellulose membrane, a reverse osmosis layer, a water absorbing layer and a leakage preventing layer in the casing of the biochip from top to bottom; fixing an aptamer molecule for a target substance on the surface of the nitrocellulose membrane, wherein the aptamer molecule is RNA (Ribose Nucleic Acid), DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid) or modified RNA or DNA. According to the aptamer percolated biochip and the preparation method thereof disclosed by the invention, the defects of limited detection range, low sensitivity, weak specificity, easiness for deterioration, complex process, long reaction time and the like existing in the prior art are overcome; DNA molecules which are specifically combined with target molecules are screened from mass in-vitro single stranded oligonucleotide libraries through SELEX screening and are amplified greatly to obtain an aptamer; in addition, a sample to be detected can quickly pass through a micropore of the nitrocellulose membrane by the percolated biochip; the target molecule of the percolated biochip can be quickly combined with the aptamer on the membrane, so that the reaction time can be greatly shortened; higher sensitivity and specificity are obtained.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of clinical detection and scientific research detection, and in particular relates to an aptamer percolation biochip and a preparation method thereof. Background technique [0002] Aptamer is a new technology developed in the 1990s. It is a synthetic single-stranded DNA or RNA that can bind to specific substances. Usually, aptamers are selected through multiple SELEX screening techniques, suitable for specific binding to various molecules, such as small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and even cells, tissues and microorganisms, etc., in biological research and in vitro diagnosis and treatment There are broad application prospects. Compared with antibodies, aptamers have many advantages. For example, aptamers can be completely artificially synthesized at low cost. In addition, the screening process of aptamers is faster than the preparation of monoclonal antibodies. The stability of the nucleic acid apt...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

This design has several disadvantages: 1. The substance to be detected can only be nucleic acid, which limits the scope of the substance to be detected

2. Since the probe is generally about 20 bases, it cannot be well combined with the substance to be detected, so the sensitivity is not high

3. Low specificity: There may be base mismatches during DNA hybridization, so the gene chip is not specific for DNA with similar sequences

The protein chip is to immobilize the antigen or antibody on the carrier. There are also problems in this type of chip industry: 1. Strict storage conditions: because the protein immobilized on the carrier is easy to deteriorate

2. Sensitivity and specificity are also easily affected by the purity of antigen or antibody

3. The process of preparing antigens or antibodies is complex, which limits the application of protein chips

In addition, traditional biochips require the substance to be detected to fully bind to the probe on the carrier, so it often takes a long time to react, and it is difficult to meet the clinical needs of a large number of samples.

[0005] Due to the above reasons, it is difficult to further develop traditional biochips.

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